This glossary is about biotechnology related terms and is for everybody to use, biotechnologist or not.
It serves an education purpose, so everybody can learn how to use 15 terms that are related to this field. I personally invite a person who read my glossary to try speaking with a friend they have on a subject that includes these terms to maybe involve more words that the person is unfamiliar with. All the definitions are from google translate.
acid
noun
An acid is a chemical substance that releases hydrogen ions (H⁺) in water, has a pH value below 7, tastes sour, and reacts with bases to form salts.
Example: But this would therefore not contribute to the ACID-base balance of the organism.
en: acide
bacteria
noun
Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled prokaryotic organisms that lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They represent one of the oldest and most abundant forms of life on Earth.
Example: Evidence that modern mitochondria result from a single event comes from examination of the most BACTERIA-like mitochondrial genome, that of Reclinomonas americana.
en: Les bactéries sont des organismes procaryotes microscopiques unicellulaires dépourvus de véritable noyau et d'organites délimités par une membrane. Elles représentent l'une des formes de vie les plus anciennes et les plus abondantes sur Terre.
biology
noun
Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms.
Example: It represents virgin territory for physicists, biophysicists, biochemical engineers, membrane transport researchers and enzymologists to collaborate in understanding two of BIOLOGY's fundamental processes.
en: biologie
carbohydrates
noun
A glucide is the French and medical term for a carbohydrate, which is a primary nutrient that provides energy to the human body.
Example: Foods containing carbohydrates, such as starch and sugar, provide energy to the body.
en: glucide
cells
noun
A cell is the smallest, basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
Example: The gene responsible for the transcription factor controlling this apparatus is only induced in low CO 2 conditions so as not to be wasteful in the CELLS' energy by expressing genes that are not required (1). The result of this CO 2 concentration mechanism in low CO2 conditions for the CELLS is that oxygenation of Rubisco is suppressed and therefore so is photorespiration.
en: cellule
chemistry
Noun
Chemistry is the science that studies matter, its composition, structure, properties, as well as the transformations (chemical reactions) and energy exchanges that accompany it.
Example: There are many more applications of lasers than discussed here, for example; laser isotope separation, laser surgery, optical disc drives, and the monitoring atmospheric CHEMISTRY to name but a few. This essay is presented in edited form at: .ac.uk fac sci CHEMISTRY.
en: Chimie
chromatography
noun
Chromatography is a laboratory technique used to separate the components of a chemical mixture.
Example: High Performance Liquid CHROMATOGRAPHY Fundamental Principles and Pratice.
en: cromatographie
chromosome
Noun
A chromosome is a thread-like structure made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serves to carry genomic information from cell to cell.
Example: It is located in the "q" arm of CHROMOSOME 17 and the protein product is 1,863 amino acids in length.
en: chromosome
DNA
noun
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, the hereditary molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms.
Example: The most widely used methods involve analysis and comparing of specific regions of mitochondrial or nuclear DNA-strands.
en: ADN
Fermentation
noun
Fermentation is a metabolic process where microorganisms like bacteria, yeast, or fungi convert carbohydrates (such as sugars or starch) into alcohols, gases, or organic acids without needing oxygen.
Example: Juice extraction and varying degrees of clarification precede alcoholic FERMENTATION.
en: fermentation
immunology
noun
Immunology is the biomedical science that studies the immune system, the body's defense mechanisms against infection, disease, and foreign invaders.
Example: Antibodies provide the major defense against pathogens, toxins and extracellular bacteria; they are therefore essential in IMMUNOLOGY and drug design.
en: immunologie
isotope
noun
An isotope is any form of a chemical element that has the same number of protons in its nucleus, but a different number of neutrons.
Example: Stable ISOTOPE analysis of human skeletal remains, which is indicated as direct evidence of human diets.
en: isotope
polarity
noun
Polarity means the quality or condition of having two opposite poles, charges, or contrasting tendencies in a body, system, or relationship.
Example: Once entering solution, the molecules can interact with solvent molecules to help to stabilise these "partial charges" or the POLARITY of the molecules.
en: polarité
redox
noun
Redox (short for reduction-oxidation) is any chemical reaction where electrons are transferred between two substances.
Example: These protein complexes contain several REDOX centres, including quinones, flavins, iron-sulfur clusters, hemes and copper ions.
en: redox
technology
noun
Technology is the practical application of scientific knowledge, methods, and materials to solve real-world problems, build tools, and improve human life.
Example: Recent advances in medical technology have saved countless lives.