Hi my name is Ramy. I currently live in Terrebonne. I have now been studying Social Science for 1 year at College Montmorency. My field of study is Politics, Society and Culture. My glossary could possibly help a student that is studying Politics know more words about the field of study. Every words that will be used are directly related to basic notions about Politics and are basic vocabulary used in this field. This glossary will help you if you try to understand the words that will be used and hopefully will learn a lot about it.
ballot
noun
A sheet of paper usually preprinted with candidates and questions and used to cast a secret vote especially in an election.
Example: However, postal voting cost the British system some credibility due to incidences of fraud and confusion with the mailing of BALLOT papers and polling cards.
fr: scrutin
campaign
noun
A campaign is a planned series of actions or activities meant to reach a specific goal.
Example: This sensible strategy and marketing CAMPAIGN, allied with the support of the national government and the attraction of a high-quality-low-cost long-haul destination for visitors from Europe and North America and the boom in domestic tourism in summer 2002 3, means that the outlook is very positive.
fr: campagne
candidate
noun
A candidate is a person who is running for an elected office, applying for a job, or taking an exam. The plural form, candidates, simply refers to multiple people (or sometimes things) in these positions.
Example: Overall, elected union representatives from the five main confederations did decline from 1981-1993 in the private sector, benefiting the non-union CANDIDATE.
fr: candidat
citizen
noun
A citizen is a person who legally belongs to a country by birth or naturalization and holds full legal rights and duties there.
Example: This protection arises without the Union CITIZEN needing to establish a Community law right of residence in those States." The argument by AG Jacobs that the migrant worker(or professional) should be able to reply on a prima-facie claim as a 'European CITIZEN' to a basic standard of rights protection is therefore not readily apparent when an analysis of the case-law is conducted. The significance of EU citizenship has to be inter-related with other Community provisions in order to protect the CITIZEN and as such, is less useful on its own.
fr: citoyen
constitution
noun
A constitution is a set of fundamental rules and principles that establish how a country, state, or organization is governed.
Example: Lord Woolf, 'The Rule of Law and a Change in the CONSTITUTION', March 03, 2004, Following the secularisation of Natural Law emerged the Social Contract Theory, presenting law as a consented contractual arrangement between citizens and the state.
fr: constitution
democracy
noun
Democracy is a system of government where power belongs to the people, who rule either directly or through elected leaders.
Example: The spread of DEMOCRACY must of given Athens strong backing with the people of the states concerned.
fr: démocratie
election
noun
An election is a group decision-making process whereby a portion or all of a population or group votes to choose an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office or other position of responsibility.
Example: The underlined do is a verbal substitution for 'vote at this ELECTION' and so is a clausal substitution for the previous part, 'If you have ... at this ELECTION '.
fr: élection
government
noun
A government is the system or group of people that rules and administers a country, state, or community.
Law is a system of rules created and enforced by a government or society to regulate conduct, maintain social order, and resolve disputes.
Example: And in LAW's term, a number of previous judges had tried to work out a formula to define the duty of care.
fr: loi
mayor
noun
A mayor is the official head of government and chief executive of a municipality, such as a city, town, or village.
Example: The London MAYOR and the operation of Greater London Authority, which operates more at the level of regional rather than local government and has a range of strategic rather than delivery powers Only ten councils out of almost 400 have adopted the 'MAYOR and cabinet' option.
fr: maire
opposition
noun
Opposition means strong disagreement, resistance, or a group of people acting against someone or something.
Example: Aristotle tells us that ostracism was instituted into Athenian life in order to prevent more tyrants gaining power in Athens and to avoid a return to stasis, yet it was used in most cases simply to get rid of political OPPOSITION so that certain decrees would be passed in the Assembly without OPPOSITION.
fr: opposition
parliament
noun
A parliament is the supreme legislative or law-making body in a country with a parliamentary system of government.
Example: Questions to be answered are whether parliamentary materials, such as Hansard, are admissible in construing Acts of PARLIAMENT and if yes, will the rights under Article 9 of the Bill of Rights Act 1998 and the privileges of members of the PARLIAMENT be infringed.
fr: parlement
political debate
noun
A political debate is a structured discussion or exchange of opposing viewpoints regarding government policies, political issues, laws, and the exercise of societal power.
Example: This leads feminists to argue that restricting politics to the public sphere is a "strategy of depoliticisation": not only does it normalise and legitimate male domination, but it also silences any potential opposition to this status quo by entirely excluding women from POLITICAL DEBATE.
fr: débat politique
political party
noun
A political party is an organized group of people who share similar political views and work to get their candidates elected to public office.
Example: MORI statistics (2003) indicate 75% of people responded 'some never' to "How much do you trust national government to put the needs of the general public before the needs of themselves or their POLITICAL PARTY?".
fr: parti politique
president
noun
A president is the highest-ranking officer in an organization, company, or institution, or the head of state and chief executive in a republic.
Example: The PRESIDENT plays an instrumental role in shaping Commission policy, "promoting major ideas" and determining the future direction of the Community.
fr: président
prime minister
noun
A prime minister is the head of government in a country with a parliamentary system.
Example: The role of the Policy Unit within the PRIME MINISTER's Office was of great significance under Thatcher.
fr: premier ministre
protest
noun
A protest is a public or formal expression of strong objection, disapproval, or opposition to an idea, action, or policy.
Example: While the response of the people has been one of direct PROTEST, the governments have obviously had to act more carefully, considering the diminished power of international institutions to protect the interest of weak nations in the face of the threat of invasion from the US.
fr: protestation
senator
noun
A senator is a member of a legislative body known as a senate.
Example: This is evident in that the Tacitus version summarises the SENATOR's early views clearly in speech whereas the Lyon Tablet has interruptions from individuals who appear to be senators.
fr: sénateur
vote
noun
Voting is the process of making collective decisions by means of submitting and then adding up individual choices.
Example: Egan, T. (2004) State of the Union: The Evangelical VOTE , BBC NEWS, Egan, T. (2004) State of the Union: The Evangelical VOTE , BBC NEWS, To conclude, it is impossible to pinpoint what exactly makes someone abstain or VOTE, and what determines the way someone votes. "...one can, almost indefinitely spin out associations between, say, turnout and rate of illiteracy, domestic mail per capita , government intervention, number of parties, and so on.
fr: voter
voter
noun
Voters are people who have the legal right to vote in elections, or people who are voting in a particular election.
Example: In order to achieve the greatest share of the electorate, a party must adapt their policies to coincide with the preferences of the VOTER at point X. When using Downs' model of voting, the ideological spectrum would suggest that Labour, being the party closest to the median VOTER, could gain the majority of the electorate at the time of election, followed by the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats respectively.
