Definitions of terms related to the field of biotechnologies.
Autophagy
Noun
A process by which a cell breaks down and destroys old, damaged, or abnormal proteins and other substances in its cytoplasm.
Example: Damaged cells are removed with the use of autophagy.
fr: Autophagie
Bioprocessing
Noun.
Bioprocessing is the manipulation of naturally occurring living organisms and systems by bioengineers to achieve research and industrial goals.
Example: Bioprocessing is used in order to produce insulin from bacteria.
fr: Bioprocédés
Carcinogenesis
Noun
The process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells.
Example: His cells showed signs of carcinogenesis
fr: Carcinogénèse
Cell signaling
Compound noun
The process by which a cell responds to substances outside the cell through signaling molecules found on the surface of and inside the cell.
Example: Cell signaling allows the cell to communicate to each others.
fr: Signalisation cellulaire
Centrifugation
Noun
Centrifugation is a mechanical technique in which centrifugal force is used to separate components of mixtures based on their size and/or density.
Example: They used centrifugation to separate those two substances.
fr: Centrifugation
Cytokinesis
noun
Cytokinesis is the physical process of cell division, which divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells.
Example: Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division in the cell cycle.
fr: Cytokinèse
Genome editing
Compound noun.
Genome editing is a method that lets scientists change the DNA of many organisms, including plants, bacteria, and animals.
Example: They used genome editing to genetically modify these bacteria.
fr: Édition génomique
Immunotherapy
Noun.
Immunotherapy is treatment that uses the body's immune system, usually your own, to attack cancer.
Example: They used immunotherapy to fight his cancer.
fr: Immunothérapie
Metabolism
Noun
Chemical processes going on continuously inside your body that allow life and normal functioning.
Example: Metabolism consist of two main process; anabolism and catabolism.
fr: Métabolisme
Metagenomics
Noun
Metagenomics is defined as the direct genetic analysis of genomes contained with an environmental sample.
Example: Metagenomics studies genetic material that come directly from a specific environment.
fr: Métagénomique
Pathogenicity
Noun
Pathogenicity refers to the ability of a microorganism to cause disease.
Example: The pathogenicity of this bacteria was proven by the use of multiple laboratory testing.
fr: Pathogénicité
Phytoremediation
Noun
Phytoremediation refers to the use of plants and associated soil microbes to reduce the concentrations or toxic effects of contaminants in the environment.
Example: They used phytoremediation to reduce the concentration of contaminants in the air.
fr: phytoremédiation
RNA interference
Compound noun.
RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved biological response to double-stranded RNA that mediates resistance.
Example: RNA interference is used in order to silence specific genes and study their functions in the cells.
fr: Interférence par ARN
Therapeutic cloning
Compound noun
Therapeutic cloning, also called somatic cell nuclear transfer, is a way to create versatile stem cells independent of fertilized eggs.
Example: Therapeutic cloning is used to get stem cells specific to a patient.
fr: Clonage thérapeutique
Tissue engineering
Compound noun
Tissue engineering is a biomedical engineering discipline integrating biology with engineering to create tissues or cellular products outside the body.
Example: They used tissue engineering to produce organ skin.
