15 15 field-specific terms related to Health science terms
Hi, my name is Laryssa Saint-Louis. I'm studying Health science at Ahuntsic College. I want to go into Immunology at Montreal University. Immunology is the study of how your body’s immune system protects you from germs like viruses and bacteria. It explains how your body recognizes threats, fights them off, and remembers them for next time. I'm going to take some difficult words from the research I've read and explain them in the glossary, so people can understand profoundly the subjects that I'm talking about.
bacteria
noun
A member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms which have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus, including some that can cause disease.
Example: Other useful management tips including through disinfection of buildings after calves are removed with a three week gap before restocking to kill BACTERIA and regular feeding routines are essential to reducing stress.
en: bactérie
NASA, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons">NASA, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Sulphide_bacteria_crop.jpg">
blood cells
noun
Cells produced in the bone marrow (hematopoiesis) that constitute ~45% of blood volume. They are essential for oxygen transport, immunity, and clotting. The three main types—red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes)—are used to sustain life by transporting oxygen (RBCs), fighting infection (WBCs), and repairing tissues (platelets).
Example: Glucose is still required to fuel the red BLOOD CELLS, but now the liver needs to produce only a fraction of glucose as it did in the fasting state.
en: cellules sanguines
LadyofHats, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons">LadyofHats, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Osmotic_pressure_on_blood_cells_diagram.svg">
bone marrow
noun
A soft fatty substance in the cavities of bones, in which blood cells are produced (often taken as typifying strength and vitality).
Example: To explain the nature of the 's condition I would say: "CLL is a form of cancer that affects the blood producing cells in your BONE MARROW.
en: moelle osseuse
Pbroks13, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons">Pbroks13, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Bone_Marrow_in_a_cross-section-FR.svg">
cancer
noun
A large group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells, rather than following normal cell death and division cycles. These cancerous cells can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body, a process known as metastasis. It is fundamentally a genetic disease caused by changes to DNA that instruct cells to grow uncontrollably.
Example: An example of a somatic cell disorder is CANCER. Although mutations which cause CANCER are usually not inherited, some common cancers for example breast CANCER; the initial mutated gene is inherited predisposing that family to the molecular disease. CANCER is caused by mutations in tumour suppressor genes, oncogenes and DNA repair genes due to exposure to environmental mutagens. Oncogenes are activated to cause CANCER due to exposure to viruses or point mutations in the gene.
en: cancer
Haymanj, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons">Haymanj, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Secondary_tumor_deposits_in_the_liver_from_a_primary_cancer_of_the_pancreas.jpg">
chemotherapy
noun
A type of cancer treatment that uses powerful drugs to kill fast-growing cancer cells in the body.
Example: This may involve radiotherapy, endocrine therapy or CHEMOTHERAPY.
en: chimiothérapie
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immune system
noun
A complex, body-wide network of cells, tissues, and organs that defends against harmful pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi), toxins, and diseased cells like cancer. It acts as a defense system, identifying foreign substances (antigens) and launching an immune response to destroy them.
Example: Reassurance and Explanation To appropriately reassure the patient I would say: "As you know you have the disease Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia, which affects your IMMUNE SYSTEM and leaves you at a greater risk of contracting infections.
en: système immunitaire
LadyofHats for CK-12 Foundation, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons">LadyofHats for CK-12 Foundation, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Parts_of_the_immune_system.png">
immunology
Noun
Immunology is the branch of biomedical science that studies the structure and function of the immune system, which protects the body against infection, diseases, and foreign invaders.
Example: As result of the significant advances in biotechnology and IMMUNOLOGY, research is also being carried out to investigate the possible use of vaccines to harness the power of the immune system in the fight against breast cancer.
en: Immunologie
metastatic Cancer
noun
Cancer that has spread from its original site (primary tumor) to other, distant parts of the body, often classified as Stage IV. Cancer cells break away, travel through the bloodstream or lymph system, and form new tumors. While found in new locations, it retains the name and characteristics of the original cancer.
Example: Figure 2.2 Venous drainage of the breast (6) An understanding of the lymphatic supply of the breast is highly important, due to the role it plays in METASTATIC CANCER (Figure 2.3).
en: cancer métastatique
José Manuel Cameselle-Teijeiro & Catarina Eloy & Manuel Sobrinho-Simões, CC BY 4.0, ">José Manuel Cameselle-Teijeiro & Catarina Eloy & Manuel Sobrinho-Simões, CC BY 4.0, " src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Histopathology_of_metastatic_cancers_to_the_thyroid.jpg">
radiotherapy
noun
Cancer treatment using ionizing radiation (X-rays, protons) to destroy cancer cells by damaging their DNA, thus blocking their multiplication.
Example: Although this may avoid the need for RADIOTHERAPY, it is more likely to affect the patient's sense of self due to their altered appearance and increase the psychological impact of the disease (46).
en: radiothérapie
See page for author, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons">See page for author, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Radium_radiotherapy_machine_1951.jpg">
remission
noun
The temporary alleviation or disappearance of symptoms of an illness, without signifying a complete cure, although it may lead to one.
Example: The prognosis of is variable as most patients have relapses and remissions. After a 10 year period about 25% of patients have complete REMISSION.
en: rémission
terminal cancer
noun
Advanced cancer that cannot be cured or treated to stop its progression, and is expected to lead to death. Treatment focuses on comfort (palliative care) rather than survival. It is distinguished from incurable cancer, which may still be controlled for a time.
en: cancer en phase terminale
tumour
noun
A swelling of a part of the body, generally without inflammation, caused by an abnormal growth of tissue, whether benign or malignant.
Example: Location of a primary TUMOUR should also be investigated by e.g. chest x-ray and abdominal ultrasound or CT, to determine whether the lesion is a primary or secondary brain TUMOUR.
en: tumeur
Nephron, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons">Nephron, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Basal_cell_carcinoma_-_high_mag.jpg">
vaccination
noun
A safe, effective method of protecting against harmful diseases by training your immune system to recognize and fight specific germs. It uses weakened or inactive parts of a virus or bacteria to induce immunity without causing the disease itself. Vaccination safely strengthens natural defenses against future infections.
Example: To date, however, there is no efficient VACCINATION available for FIV and this immunosuppressant disease therefore remains a common pathogen which is becoming more globally prevalent.
A tiny, non-living infectious agent that acts as an obligate intracellular parasite, meaning it requires a living host cell to reproduce. It consists simply of genetic material (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a protein coat (capsid). Viruses invade cells, taking over their machinery to make copies of themselves, often destroying the host cell in the process.
Example: The use of Macaques demonstrates the potential for yet another catastrophe; macaques are infected with SIVsm, which develops into an AIDS like VIRUS (European commission 2002). Humans develop AIDS not an AIDS like VIRUS: what use is a vaccination against a form of AIDS humans do not contract?
en: virus
white blood cells
noun
Vital components of the immune system produced in the bone marrow that protect the body against infections, foreign substances, and diseases. They travel through the bloodstream and tissues to fight infections (e.g., bacteria/viruses), combat allergies, and destroy cellular debris.
Ajay Kumar Chaurasiya, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia C">Ajay Kumar Chaurasiya, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia C" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Red_blood_cells_%28RBCs%29%2C_platelets_and_white_blood_cells_or_leukocyte_%28neutrophil%29_on_PBS.jpg">
