First, let me introduce myself. My name is Youssef Ouafiq. I live in Montreal. I have been studying sciences for one and a half years at Ahuntsic College. The program I chose was laboratory techniques, especially biotechnology as a field of study. The glossary that I created could be helpful for the students already studying biotechnology and also for the future students who want to join this program. This field is full of scientific terms that are difficult to understand without making a contact with them in practice in a laboratory. But I guarantee that the chosen words in this glossary are related to the basic notions of biotechnology and are the most commonly used in this field. By learning the meaning of the words that are in this glossary, you will be able to make a general idea about this field. This glossary has 15 explained terms. To find the words, I used VirtualWritingTutor (VWT), who helped me to generate these field related vocabulary from a Wikipedia text. After that, I used Google to found the definitions.
bacteria
noun
A member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms which have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus, including some that can cause disease.
Example: There are also many other genes and proteins that have sequences very similar to those on BACTERIA.
fr: bactéries
biochemistry
noun
The branch of science concerned with the chemical and physicochemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms.
Example: BIOCHEMISTRY Since two domains of IgG contribute to one antigen binding site each, the polypeptide chains that make up the IgG molecule must be associated with one another in a ordered fashion, particularly in the Fab fragment.
fr: biochimie
biology
noun
The study of living organisms, divided into many specialized fields that cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy, behavior, origin, and distribution.
Example: Before an adequate evaluation of the validity of this collection of evidence, and thus the accuracy of her theory of endosymbiosis can be established, one must first understand not only the suggestions and implications of the theory towards human cell BIOLOGY, but the original requirement for cells to evolve.
fr: biologie
biotechnology
noun
The exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes, especially the genetic manipulation of microorganisms for the production of antibiotics, hormones, etc.
Example: Their sales organisation includes offices in more than 50 countries as well as extensive networks of agents and distributors, serving hospitals, clinics, research laboratories, BIOTECHNOLOGY firms and pharmaceutical companies across the globe [3].
fr: biotechnologie
cell
noun
The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic organisms typically consist of a single cell, which is either eukaryotic or prokaryotic.
Example: Prokaryotic cells are the most abundant across the earth and are found everywhere from hot sulfur springs to living inside other cells. The Eukaryote CELL The eukaryotic family contains all animals, plants and fungi; the CELL is around ten times the size of the prokaryotic CELL, being on average 10 microns in diameter with over 1000 times greater the volume. Due to this size increase simple diffusion is not sufficient to transport chemicals round the CELL so a complex system of structures are in place to aid this process. Figure 2: Picture of an animal Eukaryotic CELL Picture from The major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells is the presence of membrane bound organelles.
fr: cellule
chromatography
noun
The separation of a mixture by passing it in solution or suspension or as a vapor (as in gas chromatography) through a medium in which the components move at different rates.
Example: It can also be used to purify a substance with techniques called immunoprecipitation and affinity CHROMATOGRAPHY.
fr: chromatographie
embryology
noun
The branch of biology and medicine concerned with the study of embryos and their development.
Example: The contribution of chicken EMBRYOLOGY to the understanding of vertebrate limb development.
fr: embryologie
fermentation
noun
The chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat.
Example: Therefore, they cannot oxidise acetate from pyruvate oxidation and the acetate produced from FERMENTATION is excreted into the host cytoplasm 1 .
fr: fermentation
genetics
noun
The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
Example: Interestingly enough, research into eukaryotic cell fusion and somatic cell GENETICS has illustrated the ability of a virus to cause aggregation of cells, by binding to a constituent of the eukaryotic cell membrane.
fr: génétique
genome
noun
The haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism.
Example: Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain there own GENOME, a single circular molecule resembling that of prokaryote cell DNA.
fr: génome
histology
noun
The study of the microscopic structure of tissues.
Example: PATHOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY Given the high incidence rates, it is not surprising that there has been significant research interest in the aetiological mechanisms associated with the development of breast carcinoma.
fr: histologie
immunology
noun
The branch of biomedical science dedicated to studying the immune system, a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that protects the body against infections, diseases, and foreign substances.
Example: Antibodies provide the major defense against pathogens, toxins and extracellular bacteria; they are therefore essential in IMMUNOLOGY and drug design.
fr: immunologie
laboratory
noun
A room or building equipped for scientific experiments, research, or teaching, or for the manufacture of drugs or chemicals.
Example: This LABORATORY focuses upon the H1N1 influenza virus A PR 8 34 (PR8), isolated in 1934 and attenuated due to repeated passaging in embryonated chicken eggs. The aims of the LABORATORY are outlined in the LABORATORY manual 13 . 3. Methods The experimental procedures are described in detail in the LABORATORY manual 13 .
fr: laboratoire
molecular biology
noun
Molecular biology is the branch of science that studies the structure and function of essential macromolecules—specifically DNA, RNA, and proteins—to understand how they work within living cells.
Example: The procedure undertaken to produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was discovered in 1975, much of the literature relating to the structure and function of antibodies and immunoglobin dates from the mid to late 70's and 1980's, however in recent years mAbs have found a unique and important place in MOLECULAR BIOLOGY and the development and design of drugs as they can provide information about the role of a specific molecule in disease, and also form the basis of new treatments.
fr: biologie moléculaire
organism
noun
An individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.
Example: They are more complex than simple ones and work by reacting based on the chemical composition on organisms, so differences are clearly shown.
