Hi, I'm Gabriel and in this glossary I will talk about Social Sciences, my field of study. This glossary will help you understand some words related to this beautiful program
Capital
Noun
Wealth in the form of money or other assets owned by a person or organization or available or contributed for a particular purpose such as starting a company or investing.
Example: A firm will have accepted all projects that offer a return greater than the cost of CAPITAL in such way that any other interim cash flows could only be reinvested at the cost of CAPITAL.
fr: Capital
Communication
Noun
The imparting or exchanging of information or news.
Example: The most frequently used COMMUNICATION amongst me and members of staff are face to face COMMUNICATION. Face to face COMMUNICATION means that non verbal COMMUNICATION is also active, such as body language and facial expressions.
fr: Communication
Criminology
Noun
The scientific study of crime and criminals.
Example: Labelling theory (Lemert 1967, cited in Griffin 1993:109) influenced studies of CRIMINOLOGY during the 1970s and supports the concept that stereotyping increases rather than reduces criminal offending.
fr: Criminologie
Culture
Noun
The customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group.
Example: He second internal factor which contributed to the downturn of M&S in the late 1990's was its CULTURE.
fr: Culture
Demography
Noun
The study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations.
Example: Thus there was a concurrent move away from written sources; for example, Bloch's agrarian history studied population, DEMOGRAPHY, soil composition, variations in production and monetary fluctuations.
fr: Démographie
Earth
Noun
The planet on which we live; the world.
Example: Important dates in the EARTH's history Figure 4 from Mitochondrial Genome The human mitochondrial genome contains 16,569 base pairs in one circular strand molecule.
fr: Terre
Economy
Noun
The wealth and resources of a country or region, especially in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services.
Example: Grossman and Helpman (1991) find in their model that whether trade promotes innovation in a small ECONOMY depends in particular on whether the ECONOMY's resources are channelled towards activities that generate long run growth via externalities in R&D, expanding product variety, upgrading product quality etc.
fr: Économie
Education
Noun
The process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school or university.
Example: The capacity strengthening programme of ISNAR offers short-term learning courses on agricultural research management issues, targeting mature professionals (adults) with high EDUCATION, working on the private or public sector, mainly in developing countries.
fr: Éducation
Geography
Noun
The study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity as it affects and is affected by these, including the distribution of populations and resources, land use, and industries.
Example: All they had was a common birthplace, and this formed a devotion to the land that manifested itself in exalted inhabitants of that GEOGRAPHY, as in Peru where 'the creoles regarded themselves as the true heirs of the Araucanians' and saw that link as a more valid descent that legitimised their cause.
fr: Géographie
History
Noun
The study of Past Events, particularly in human affairs.
Example: Populations in Canada Breed HISTORY Origins The Tamworth is one of the oldest breeds of pigs known dating back to the early nineteenth century.
fr: Histoire
Human
Noun
A man, woman, or child of the species Homo sapiens or other (extinct) species of the genus Homo ; a human being.
Example: Although scientific research is constantly conducted in all areas of HUMAN activity, including production of food and agricultural products, it is rather common to encouter issues that are ambiguous, thus require further examination.
fr: Humain
International
adjective
Existing, occurring, or carried on between two or more nations.
Example: It started as an initiative to join INTERNATIONAL efforts to examine the needs of developing countries for specialization in agriculture; coordinate INTERNATIONAL, regional and national agricultural research activities and budgets; provide finance for high priority agricultural research projects and undertake continuing review of priorities.
fr: Internationale
Linguistics
Noun
The scientific study of language and its structure, including the study of morphology, syntax, phonetics, and semantics. Specific branches of linguistics include sociolinguistics, dialectology, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics, historical-comparative linguistics, and applied linguistics.
Example: The Structuralist emphasis on LINGUISTICS therefore makes it the most effective approach to 'make sense' of the poem.
fr: Linguistique
Money
Noun
A current medium of exchange in the form of coins and banknotes; coins and banknotes collectively.
Example: They present the economic view, according to which "commodities and things which circulate throughout an economic system and can be exchanged for other things, usually MONEY" (Preucel and Hodder 1996: 106).
fr: Argent
Politics
Noun
The activities associated with the governance of a country or other area, especially the debate or conflict among individuals or parties having or hoping to achieve power.
Example: Another important factor to consider when analysing Neolithic burial practices and POLITICS, is the rise of the status of the individual.
fr: Politique
Psychology
Noun
The scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context.
Example: But somewhat surprisingly (given that the representational theory of the mind is supposed to be a theory of thinking, not of how we handle inputs) he concludes that a PSYCHOLOGY of the central systems is beyond our reach: the more global a mental process is the less we are likely to understand about it.
fr: Psychologie
Science
Noun
The systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation, experimentation, and the testing of theories against the evidence obtained.
Example: He states how whilst a questioning mind is obviously imperative to insightful research, the mind should be open to all suggestion as one only classes things as 'impossible' or 'miraculous' because they do not fit into our current Western belief system; that is, SCIENCE. This viewpoint is supported by Frazer, who suggested that there have been ages of both magic and religion and that we are currently in an age of SCIENCE. SCIENCE, like any other belief system, is only one possible explanation of the world around us,could well be superseded by another series of beliefs in years to come.
fr: Science
Social
adjective
Relating to society or its organization.
Example: SOCIAL & economic factors Figures for 2006 estimate the total population of West Africa to be 252 million.
fr: Sociale
Sociology
Noun
The study of the development, structure, and functioning of human society.
Example: SOCIOLOGY in particular looks at culture.
fr: Sociologie
Statistics
Noun
The practice or science of collecting and analyzing numerical data in large quantities, especially for the purpose of inferring proportions in a whole from those in a representative sample.
Example: Compromise of this database could lead to heavy fines for negligence, and severely impacted sales due to shaken customer confidence in Amazon.co.uk Products Database The back-end of Amazon.co.uk contains, within the SQL database cluster, a good deal of data about each product, and associated reviews, rankings, stock data, prices and other STATISTICS.
