20 Airway, Breathing' and circulation in Pre-Hospital Emergency Care. terms
Hi, my name is Loïc Baillargeon, I'm 21 years old, and I am studying at Cégep de Sherbrooke for a year. At this moment I'm in a springboard to DCS in prevision of Prehospital Emergency Care. I have created this glossary in perspective of helping students or people who want to go in this program as well. This glossary will help understand twenty words associate to Prehospital Emergency Care program. Each word int it will have a short definition, an audio pronunciation to help you say the word correctly, an example of where we can see this word or where you can use it in a sentence and some of the words have a picture to help you visualize what I'm talking about.
airway
noun
The passage by which air reaches a person's lungs.
Example: Reassurance and explanation " is probably suffering from a viral infection that is affecting his chest and upper AIRWAY.
en: voie respiratoire
airway Obstruction
coumpound noun
Airway obstruction is a partial or complete blockage of the airway—the nasal passage, throat, larynx, trachea, or bronchi—that prevents air from freely reaching the lungs.
Example: The tongue may swell causing AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION.
en: obstruction des voies respiratoires
bag-valve mask
noun
A hand-held medical device used to provide positive pressure ventilation to patients who are not breathing or breathing inadequately.
Example: Rescuers secure the BVM mask to the patient's face with one hand while squeezing the bag with the other, ensuring chest rise for every breath during resuscitation".
en: masque à valve et sac
blood pressure
noun
The force of blood pushing against your artery walls as your heart pumps it through your body, delivering oxygen and nutrients.
Example: General Observations Pulse - 65 bpm BLOOD PRESSURE - 110 75 Respiratory Rate - 14 pm Temperature 35.0 C GI: Inspection - The abdomen moved with respiration.
en: pression du sang
breathing
verb
The process of taking air into and expelling it from the lungs.
Example: He was unable speak and was using accessory muscles to aid BREATHING.
en: respirer
capillary refill time
compound noun phrase
The speed at which color returns to an external capillary bed (typically a fingertip or nail bed) after pressure is applied to cause blanching.
Example: A normal capillary refill time is typically less than two seconds, indicating good peripheral perfusion.
en: temps de remplissage capillaire
circulation
noun
Blood circulation is the continuous,, one-way movement of blood throughout the body, driven by the heart's pumping action through a network of vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries).
Example: Total Anterior CIRCULATION Infarction (TACI): TACIs represent 20% of all strokes and refer to either an embolism or a thrombosis in the anterior CIRCULATION of the brain.
en: circulation
cyanosis
noun
A bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood.
Example: Hands: No pale palmar creases, No peripheral CYANOSIS. No palmer erythema, clubbing, CYANOSIS, leukonychia, Dupuytren's contracture, kolonychia, liver flap. Face: No pale palpebral conjunctivae or signs of jaundice or CYANOSIS. Mouth: No CYANOSIS, ulcers, dehydration.
en: cyanose
hemorrhage
noun
An escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel, especially when profuse.
Example: Pressure applied with a sterile pressure dressing will control HEMORRHAGE.
en: hémorragie
hypotension
noun
Low blood pressure, generally defined as a reading lower than \(90/60\text{\ mmHg}\).
Example: However caution is required in individuals such as , as they may increase renal dysfunction or persistent HYPOTENSION 3.
en: hypotension
hypoxia
noun
Insufficient oxygen supply at the tissue or cellular level, disrupting normal bodily functions.
Example: Investigations Mrs 's ABG results on were as follows: The pH level of 7.130 indicates an acidosis, a raised pCO 2 of 20.57kPa illustrates pCO 2 retention and a pO 2 of6.70 confirms the presence of HYPOXIA, indicating Type II respiratory failure caused by alveolar hypoventilation.
en: hypoxie
oxygen Saturation
compound noun
The fraction of oxygen-saturated hemoglobin relative to total hemoglobin in the blood, indicating how effectively red blood cells transport oxygen throughout the body.
Example: Respiratory rate 20 min - hyperventilation due to ? anxiety OXYGEN SATURATION 94% on air Blood gas results: pH 7.486, pCO2 4.22 (↓), pO2 (↑) - hypocapnia due to hyperventilation, hyperoxaemia result of additional oxygen received.
en: saturation en oxygène
perfusion
noun
The passage of blood, a blood substitute, or other fluid through the blood vessels or other natural channels in an organ or tissue.
Example: Plan - lying and standing blood pressures to determine if the problem is postural hypotension General Observations: Lying BP = 135 65, Standing BP = 79 45 Comment - normally the blood pressure rises when standing up as a result of increased venous return due to venoconstriction to maintain cerebral PERFUSION. 's BP dropped significantly on standing, indicating that her dizziness is due to postural hypotension.
en: perfusion
primary survey
noun phrase
A rapid, systematic assessment in first aid and trauma care to identify and treat immediate, life-threatening conditions using the DR ABC (Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation) or ABCDE (Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure) method.
Example: Upon arriving at the scene, the paramedic immediately initiated the primary survey to assess the patient's airway, breathing, and circulation.
en: évaluation primaire
pulse
noun
A rhythmical throbbing of the arteries as blood is propelled through them, typically as felt in the wrists or neck.
Example: I checked my heart pulse after running and it was very fast.
en: pouls
respiration
noun
The vital process where living organisms exchange gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) with their environment and convert nutrients into usable energy (ATP).
Example: Pericarditis - Extremely unlikely, clinical features include central, poorly localized chest tightness that varies with movement, posture and RESPIRATION.
en: respiration
secondary survey
noun phrase
A rapid, systematic, head-to-toe examination performed on a stable trauma patient after the primary survey (ABCDEs) is complete and resuscitation is underway.
Example: After completing the primary survey, the paramedic performs a secondary survey to gather a detailed medical history and check for other injuries.
en: évaluation secondaire
shock
noun
A life-threatening medical emergency characterized by inadequate blood flow to tissues and organs, leading to oxygen deprivation, cellular dysfunction, and potential organ failure.
Example: Evidence based care and issues for research Severe CAP is a life-threatening condition defined by the presence of respiratory failure or symptoms of severe sepsis or septic SHOCK.
en: choc
supplemental oxygen
noun phrase
Provides extra oxygen for people whose bodies can't get enough from breathing normal air (about 21% oxygen) due to lung disease or other conditions, improving blood oxygen levels to help organs function, reduce breathlessness, fatigue, and increase energy.
Example: It is caused by alveolar hypoventilation with or without ventilation perfusion mismatch. (1) The management of respiratory failure includes the administration of SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN, the control of secretions, the treatment of any underlying pulmonary infection, the control of any bronchospasm and measures to limit pulmonary oedema.
en: oxygène d'appoint
ventilation
noun
The supply of air to the lungs, especially by means of a machine or device used to support or replace the breathing of a person who is ill, injured, or anesthetized.
Example: There is also air trapping, atelectasis (partial or complete lung collapse), and resultant reduced VENTILATION.
