My name is Clemence, I am in a program that is called biotechnology laboratory technology, in this program there are a lot of words that can be complicated to understand so I am here to help you. This program is focused on science, and I know that a lot of things in science can be complicated. This glossary will help you to understand difficult words with definition, images even translation.
anatomy
noun
The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms, especially as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts.
Example: The distinctions that have emerged in recent years between pleasure and desire, and between conscious and unconscious (or "core") aspects of these emotive processes are considered, as is their distinct functional ANATOMY.
en: anatomie
brain
noun
An organ of soft nervous tissue contained in the skull of vertebrates, functioning as the coordinating center of sensation and intellectual and nervous activity.
Example: As a consequence of the reduced need for highly sensitive olfaction, the olfactory bulbs, situated beneath the frontal lobes of the BRAIN, are greatly reduced in diurnal primate species.
en: cerveau
carbon
noun
The chemical element of atomic number 6, a nonmetal which has two main forms (diamond and graphite) and which also occurs in impure form in charcoal, soot, and coal.
Example: . This store of CARBON isotopes is known as the CARBON exchange reservoir, and the CARBON reacts with oxygen to produce CO2.
en: carbone
Alchemist-hp (talk) (www.pse-mendelejew.de), FAL, via Wikimedia Commons">Alchemist-hp (talk) (www.pse-mendelejew.de), FAL, via Wikimedia Commons" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Glassy_carbon_and_a_1cm3_graphite_cube_HP68-79.jpg">
cell
noun
A cell is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.
Example: Other examples of how two proteins with the same function are made in two conformations, one for the organelles and one for the CELL, can be given such as superoxide dimutase in chickens.
en: cellule
concentration
noun
He relative amount of a given substance contained within a solution or in a particular volume of space; the amount of solute per unit volume of solution.
Example: The effect of overhead irrigation and trickle irrigation on leachate nitrate N CONCENTRATION, flow-weighted nitrate N CONCENTRATION, leachate volume, and plant growth was investigated using containerized rhododendron.
en: concentration
dissection
noun
The action of dissecting a body or plant to study its internal parts.
Example: Be cautious of contra-indications such as aortic DISSECTION, head injury, multiple trauma or recent surgery.
en: dissection
Retama, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons">Retama, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Dissection_tools.jpg">
enzyme
noun
An enzyme is a biological catalyst, usually a protein, that accelerates specific chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed in the process.
Example: The reaction is ENZYME-controlled which neither requires nor releases useable energy.
en: enzyme
Boghog, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons">Boghog, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Enzyme_inhibitor.svg">
homeostasis
noun
The tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.
Example: Mammals have the regulation of body temperature from HOMEOSTASIS, and plants regulate the conversion of carbon dioxide into oxygen via photosynthesis.
en: homéostasie
David Nascari and Alan Sved, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons">David Nascari and Alan Sved, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Homeostasis_success_or_failure.png">
hormone
noun
Hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands in the endocrine system that travel through the bloodstream to tissues or organs.
Example: This was first observed in obese (ob) mice, where a HORMONE, called leptin, which is responsible for switching off hunger was missing.
en: hormone
Ali Zifan 03:07, 10 July 2016 (UTC), CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons">Ali Zifan 03:07, 10 July 2016 (UTC), CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Regulation_of_gene_expression_by_steroid_hormone_receptor.svg">
hyperpolarization
noun
Hyperpolarization is a change in a cell's membrane potential that makes it more negative, moving it further from the threshold needed to fire an electrical signal.
Example: The reduction in the influx of Na+ and Ca 2+ results in the HYPERPOLARIZATION of the plasma membrane, the decrease in cystolic Ca 2+ concentration reduces the rate of release of the neurotransmitter: glutamate from the synaptic region.
en: hyperpolarisation
Laurens R. Krol, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons">Laurens R. Krol, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Action_potential_schematic.svg">
lymph nodes
noun
Each of a number of small swellings in the lymphatic system where lymph is filtered and lymphocytes are formed.
Example: As the organism is non motile, it disseminates via the lymph until it reaches the local LYMPH NODES.
en: ganglions lymphatiques
www.scientificanimations.com, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons">www.scientificanimations.com, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Swollen_Lymph_Nodes.jpg">
micro organism
noun
A microscopic organism, especially a bacterium, virus, or fungus.
Example: Botulinum which is most heat resistant MICRO ORGANISM.
en: micro-organismes
Kahindon Estha, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons">Kahindon Estha, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Observatoire_Microscopique_de_Micro-organismes_%C3%A0_30%C2%B0c.jpg">
myelin sheath
noun
A fatty, protective layer that wraps around nerve cell axons (like insulation on a wire) to speed up and improve the efficiency of electrical signal transmission, allowing nerves to communicate quickly.
Example: The axon of each neuron is protected by a MYELIN SHEATH, this ensures the transmission of signals and allows nerve impulses to be propagated to the next neuron.
en: gaine de myéline
Neuron_with_oligodendrocyte_and_myelin_sheath.svg: *Complete_neuron_cell_diagram_en.svg: LadyofHatsderivative work: Andrew c, Public domain, via Wikimedia C">Neuron_with_oligodendrocyte_and_myelin_sheath.svg: *Complete_neuron_cell_diagram_en.svg: LadyofHatsderivative work: Andrew c, Public domain, via Wikimedia C" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Neuron_with_oligodendrocyte_and_myelin_sheath.svg">
nerve
noun
(in the body) a whitish fiber or bundle of fibers that transmits impulses of sensation to the brain or spinal cord, and impulses from these to the muscles and organs.
Example: Sounds are received from other odontoceti and conducted through the lower jaw to the middle ear, then the inner ear, and this eventually ends up in the hearing centres in the brain via the auditory NERVE.
en: nerf
InjuryMap, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons">InjuryMap, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Sciatic_nerve_and_tibial_nerve.svg">
neuron
noun
A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell.
Example: The Izhikevich NEURON The first neuronal model that could be considered a spiking neural network was the Hodgkin's & Huxley model.
en: neurone
LadyofHats, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons">LadyofHats, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Complete_neuron_cell_diagram_en.svg">
neurotransmitter
noun
A chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure.
Example: Dopamine is a Naturally produced Chemical in the body and functions as a NEUROTRANSMITTER activating receptors helping us "command" our body.
en: neurotransmetteur
Hu C, Zuo H and Li Y, CC BY 4.0, via Wik">Hu C, Zuo H and Li Y, CC BY 4.0, via Wik" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/The_effects_of_RF-EMR_exposure_on_neurotransmitters_in_the_brain_and_the_possible_underlying_mechanisms.jpg">
nomenclature
noun
The devising or choosing of names for things, especially in a science or other discipline.
Example: . In order to make sense of much of the literature pertaining to antibody structure it is useful to be familiar with the terminology and NOMENCLATURE used to refer to different elements of the antibody.
en: nomenclature
Ridgway, Robert, 1850-1929, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons">Ridgway, Robert, 1850-1929, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Kollased2_color_nomenclature_for_naturalists.jpg">
protein
noun
Any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that have large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, especially as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, etc., and as enzymes and antibodies.
Example: It has a genome consisting of 97 genes, 62 of which specify proteins. Yet this genome encodes less than 2% of the PROTEIN-coding genes in the bacterium E. coli .
en: protéine
Main_protein_structure_levels_en.svg: LadyofHatsderivative work: Shakiestone, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons">Main_protein_structure_levels_en.svg: LadyofHatsderivative work: Shakiestone, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Main_protein_structure_levels_zh.svg">
spinal cord
noun
The cylindrical bundle of nerve fibers and associated tissue which is enclosed in the spine and connects nearly all parts of the body to the brain, with which it forms the central nervous system.
Example: Many births are affected by neural tube defects (NTDs), a group of conditions that brain, SPINAL CORD, skull and vertebral column fail to develop properly during the foetal embryonic period.
en: moelle épinière
Sheryl Tan, Faull L, Curtis A, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons">Sheryl Tan, Faull L, Curtis A, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Spinal_cord_details.jpg">
synapse
noun
A junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter.
Example: The SYNAPSE is found mainly at the end of axons and dendrites but can also be a junction with a cell body.
en: synapse
Synapse_Illustration2_tweaked.svg: Nretsderivative work: Looie496, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons">Synapse_Illustration2_tweaked.svg: Nretsderivative work: Looie496, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Synapse_Illustration_unlabeled.svg">
