My name is Yanis I am 21 years old, I have been in this program for 3 years and my glossary is for people who want to learn specific terms of Social Science but more in the administration part.
accountability
noun
The fact or condition of being accountable; responsibility.
Example: Liability Firstly, there are questions of ACCOUNTABILITY; of the numerous parties involved, who was actually responsible for the scandal.
en: responsabilité
administration
noun
The process or activity of running a business, organization, etc.
Example: The tasks entailed in this job vary from field work to ADMINISTRATION and dealing with the public, the balance between these tasks depends on the employer.
en: administration
budget
noun
An estimate of income and expenditure for a set period of time.
Example: Diagram two A business needs to carry out analysis to establish where it stands compared to its competitors; it is done using a BUDGET and financial analysis. The BUDGET analysis is used to set out expected expenditures and then to review what actually happens, it is done using four budgets these are expense, revenue, cash and capital budgets.
en: budget
bureaucracy
noun
A system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.
Example: Under Qing rule, the Chinese empire was technically a BUREAUCRACY, governed by an upper-class elite - the gentry - to which entrance was gained by passing an official examination.
en: bureaucratie
economy
noun
The wealth and resources of a country or region, especially in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services.
Example: The latter increases risk and instability of investments in production of the local ECONOMY , and it is investments that are seen to be a major source of growth.
en: économie
effectiveness
noun
The degree to which something is successful in producing a desired result; success.
Example: Charisma, individualized consideration, and intellectual stimulation are critical to organizational EFFECTIVENESS, especially when the organization is faced with rapid changes, problems, and uncertainties (Bass, 1990).
en: efficacité
equity
noun
The quality of being fair and impartial.
Example: In similar vein, a significant drawback is that products may not be treated individually and this reduces the product's characteristics as customers might get confused of its offerings and hence, damages the brand EQUITY.
en: équité
Inflation
noun
A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.
Example: Between 1995 and 1999, Sierra Leone experienced high levels of INFLATION, eroding currency value and purchasing power, whilst foreign aid per capita fell by more than two thirds.
en: Inflation
manager
noun
A person responsible for controlling or administering all or part of a company or similar organization.
Example: The roles of the MANAGER, and how they link to management tasks In this section I will look at the technical, conceptual and human skills required by a MANAGER in the agricultural sector, I will also describe the informational, interpersonal and decisional roles and how they link to the management tasks.
en: directeur
monetize
verb
Earn revenue from (an asset, business, etc.).
Example: It has to MONETIZE the government budget deficit by buying government bonds and it also has to defend the exchange rate of the country by buying and selling foreign reserves. Since the requirement to MONETIZE government budget deficit is given priority, the inconsistency of the central bank's two objectives will cause the exchange rate to float ultimately.
en: monétiser
opportunity Cost
noun
The loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen.
Example: Still, the investment in regional infrastructure to ease trade between the partners has an OPPORTUNITY COST, and the returns from integrating with the rest of the world may well be higher (Matthews, 2003).
en: coût d'opportunité
outcomes
noun
The way a thing turns out; a consequence.
Example: Hard work lies ahead in order to achieve these OUTCOMES, but with everybody's collaboration and with appropriate coordination with other sectors or institutions within the agricultural sector this will become the new reality in our district.
en: résultats
oversight
noun
An unintentional failure to notice or do something.
Example: Although it would be an intellectual OVERSIGHT and oversimplification to examine China's re-emergence in merely these historical and theoretical contexts for the translation of strength to threat is not as straightforward as theorists hypothesized; instead there are some "hard and soft" arguments which state that the "China Threat" thesis is over-exaggerated and out of sync with reality and it is more apt to align China's re-emergence with the peaceful hypothesis, yet keeping in mind that this hypothesis is also conditional.
en: surveillance
policy
noun
A course or principle of action adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or individual.
Example: In terms of influencing consumer choice the deficiency payments POLICY has the effect of pushing up food prices and therefore reducing consumer surplus.
en: politique
quotas
noun
A fixed share of something that a person or group is entitled to receive or is bound to contribute.
Example: Elimination of trade tariffs, QUOTAS, and other preferences on goods lower trade barriers and serve to improve bilateral trade.
en: quotas
rational choice
adjective, noun
Individuals make decisions based on a careful evaluation of their goals and available options to maximize their self-interest.
Example: Maybe we are too scared to accept we do not have consciousness, free will, or the possibility of RATIONAL CHOICE but rather are completely at the mercy of the interaction between our memes and our genes?
en: choix rationnel
social Capital
noun
The networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society to function effectively.
Example: The main point of our argument is that SOCIAL CAPITAL ignores the role of state and institutions in most of its analysis of network of connections, trust and cooperation among individuals within the social environment.
en: capital social
tax
noun
A compulsory contribution to state revenue, levied by the government on workers' income and business profits, or added to the cost of some goods, services, and transactions.
Example: The TAX is paid on the basis of land owned which is considerably lower than the income TAX.
