This glossary will be a good kick start to the virtual world, and it's a good way to introduce you to some term of the world of computer science. Knowing what do we do like : programming website or smartphone's applications, being able to detect errors in a database, creating anti-virus for computer, etc... At the end of the glossary you should be able to know why people are studying in computer science.
Algorithm
noun
A process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer.
Example: As far as we know the microcomputer - based emergency response system devised by Belardo et al. (1983), is the only GIS - like software to incorporate this ALGORITHM.
fr: Algorithme
application software
noun
An application program (software application, or application, or app for short) is a computer program designed to carry out a specific task.
Example: Common examples of applications include word processors, spreadsheets, accounting applications, web browsers, media players, aeronautical flight simulators, console games, and photo editors.
fr: logiciel d'application
artificial intelligence
noun
the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages.
Example: Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is applied when a machine mimics "cognitive" functions that humans associate with other human minds, such as "learning" and "problem solving".
fr: intelligence artificielle
Binary
noun
Binary is a number system that uses only two symbols, typically 0 and 1. In computer science, binary is the foundation of representing data and performing computations in digital systems.
Example: fore, the Huffman technique was employed. The pseudo-code for the implementation of Huffman encoding used to encode a string of BINARY values (in 8 bit sections).
fr: Binaire
coding
noun
the process or activity of writing computer programs.
Example: Programming involves tasks such as analysis, generating algorithms, profiling algorithms' accuracy and resource consumption, and the implementation of algorithms in a chosen programming language (commonly referred to as coding).
fr: codage
Compiler
noun
A program that converts instructions into a machine-code or lower-level form so that they can be read and executed by a computer.
Example: Compilers play a crucial role in translating human-readable code into instructions the computer can understand.
fr: Compilateur
computer
noun
An electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program.
Example: We can play games on the computer.
fr: ordinateur
Encryption
noun
The process of converting information or data into a code, especially to prevent unauthorized access.
Example: This is usually achieved through using some form of data ENCRYPTION.
fr: Cryptage
Firewall
noun
A part of a computer system or network which is designed to block unauthorized access while permitting outward communication.
Example: Firewalls protect networks from security threats and unauthorized access.
fr: Pare-feu
Graph
noun
In computer science, a Graph is a mathematical structure consisting of nodes or vertices connected by edges.
Example: Figure 1 Figure 2 To compare the relationship between age and frequency of visits I have produced a scatter GRAPH for each sex Regarding Figure 1 and Figure 2, although there appears to be a relationship for the male data this cannot be said for the female data.
fr: Graphique
HTML
language
HTML is a standard markup language used for creating web pages and applications.
Example: But viruses can also be downloaded when HTML email is being displayed.
fr: HTML
HTTP
Protocol
An application layer protocol designed to transfer information between networked devices and runs on top of other layers of the network protocol stack.
Example: Basically when you type the URL address into your web browser you sent a request using HTTP.
fr: HTTP
Input/Output
adjective
relating to or for both input and output.
Example: Input/Output operations enable interaction between the computer and its environment.
fr: Entrée/Sortie
JavaScript
Programming language
An object-oriented computer programming language commonly used to create interactive effects within web browsers.
Example: These are two client script JAVASCRIPT files, menu
program.js and variablefile.js.
fr: JavaScript
Kernel
noun
The kernel is a core component of an operating system and serves as the main interface between the computer's physical hardware and the processes running on it.
Example: The kernel is responsible for memory management, process scheduling, device drivers, and handling system calls.
fr: Noyau
Network
noun
A Network is a collection of interconnected devices or systems that can communicate and share resources.
Example: Networks can be classified based on their geographical scope, such as Local Area Networks (LANs) or Wide Area Networks (WANs), and can be wired or wireless.
fr: Réseau
Parallel Computing
Parallel Computing is a computational model where multiple tasks or processes are executed simultaneously, taking advantage of multiple processors or cores.
Example: Parallel computing aims to solve complex problems faster by dividing them into smaller tasks that can be executed concurrently.
fr: Calcul parallèle
Virtual Machine
noun
A computer system created using software on one physical computer in order to emulate the functionality of another separate physical computer.
Example: Virtual machines provide flexibility, scalability, and isolation, making them widely used in server virtualization and cloud computing.
fr: Machine virtuelle
Virtual Reality
noun
The computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional image or environment that can be interacted with in a seemingly real or physical way by a person using special electronic equipment, such as a helmet with a screen inside or gloves fitted with sensors.
Example: Virtual reality allows users to experience and interact with computer-generated worlds or scenarios, providing a sense of presence and immersion.
fr: Réalité virtuelle
Web Server
noun
A web server is a computer system combined with software used for the storing and serving of website files.
Example: Web servers enable the hosting and delivery of websites and web applications over the internet, using protocols such as HTTP or HTTPS.
