This glossary is to know a little bit more about my field of study. Criminology is the study of crime and criminal behavior, informed by principles of sociology and other non-legal fields, including psychology, economics, statistics, and anthropology.
addiction
Noun
The fact or condition of being addicted to a particular substance, thing, or activity.
Example: An addiction is defined by a dependence on a substance or activity, with harmful consequences to health. Addiction is characterized by an often powerful, even compulsive, desire to consume or engage in an activity.
fr: dépendance
agent
Noun
A person or thing that takes an active role or produces a specified effect.
Example: Enforce prison or jail rules and supervise inmate activities. Their duties include transporting and escorting inmates, searching for contraband, and inspecting prison facilities to ensure safety and security standards.
fr: agent
anger
noun
Strong feeling of annoyance, displeasure, or hostility.
Example: In it, Joyce 'tacitly acknowledges the undercurrents of ANGER, frustration & helplessness that pervade Irish life.
fr: colère
authority
noun plural
The power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience.
"he had absolute authority over his subordinates.
Example: It is important that we consider any concerns that the local AUTHORITY's might have with the building of the new house, as we need to gain permission from them before we can start any of the work.
fr: autorité
bullying
noun
Seek to harm, intimidate, or coerce (someone perceived as vulnerable).
Example: Even if suspects are tactically encouraged to speak, as under the current legal system, having due process as the cornerstone of the system prevents abusive and BULLYING behaviour.
fr: intimider
burglary
Noun
Entry into a building illegally with intent to commit a crime, especially theft.
Example: It's the act of illegally entering a building or other areas without permission, typically with the intention of committing a further criminal offense.The burglar had left his fingerprints all over the window. The burglars disabled the alarm and used a glass cutter to break into the house. The burglars have been arrested but the jewelry is still missing.
fr: cambriolage
cell
Noun
A prison cell is a small room in a prison or police station where a prisoner is held.
Example: A prison cell usually has a solid or barred door. Solid doors typically have a window that allows the prisoners to be watched closely from outside the cell.
fr: cellule
correctional officer
phrase
Correctional officers guard people in penal institutions and guard those in transit between jail, courtroom, prison, or other point.
Example: Correctional officers enforce the rules and regulations in a prison or jail. Because they provide safety and security at these facilities.
fr: agent de correction
counseling
noun
The provision of assistance and guidance in resolving personal, social, or psychological problems and difficulties, especially by a professional.
Example: Counseling is a collaborative effort between the counselor and client.
fr: conseils, thérapie
criminal code
noun
Describes the powers and procedures to be followed for investigation and prosecution of an offence.
Example: The Canadian Draft CRIMINAL CODE proposed that the maximum penalty for an assister with mere knowledge should not exceed half the maximum term provided for the perpetrator.
fr: code criminel
crisis
Noun
A time of intense difficulty, trouble, or danger.
Example: An unstable or crucial time or state of affairs in which a decisive change is impending. especially : one with the distinct possibility of a highly undesirable outcome. a financial crisis. the nation's energy crisis.
fr: crise
debt
Noun
Something, typically money, that is owed or due.
Example: Debt is anything owed by one party to another. Examples of debt include amounts owed on credit cards, car loans, and mortgages.
fr: dette
detox treatment
noun
Detoxification is a set of interventions aimed at managing acute intoxication and withdrawal.
Example: In detox He'd spent 18 months in detox/at a detox centre fighting drug addiction.
fr: cure detox ou désintoxication
drug
noun
A medicine or other substance which has a physiological effect when ingested or otherwise introduced into the body.
Example: A. (1998) DRUG-activation of brain reward pathways. DRUG and Alcohol Dependenc
fr: drogue
drug trafficking
phrase
Drug trafficking is a global illicit trade involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of substances which are subject to drug prohibition laws.
Example: Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that, as land becomes arid and agricultural opportunities cease in many areas of Central Asia, they are replaced with local militias, terrorist organisations, and DRUG TRAFFICKING to replace the security that agriculture once afforded them.
fr: Trafic de drogue
educator
noun
A person who provides instruction or education; a teacher.
"the perspective of a professional educator".
Example: One skilled in teaching : teacher. 2. a. : a student of the theory and practice of education : educationist.
fr: éducateur
fingerprint
noun
An impression or mark made on a surface by a person's fingertip, especially as used for identifying individuals from the unique pattern of whorls and lines.
"the police had his fingerprints on file".
Example: Flow Chart to view a DNA FINGERPRINT The techniques described above, are the methods that are required to generate a DNA.
fr: empreinte digitale
handcuff
noun
Put handcuffs on (someone).
"he was led into court handcuffed to a policeman".
Example: The handcuffed man tried to shield his face from the attack. He was taken by ambulance to hospital where police handcuffed him to his bed.
fr: passer les menottes
jail
noun
a place for the confinement of people accused or convicted of a crime.
"he served 15 months in jail"
Example: The children were also repeatedly told that Ms Michaels was in JAIL because she had "done bad things" and were encouraged to keep her in JAIL by the police.
fr: prison
sexual abuse
noun
Sexual abuse, in criminal law, any act of sexual contact that a person suffers, submits to, participates in, or performs as a result of force or violence, threats, fear, or deception or without having legally consented to the act.
Example: Ignoring any physical harm which might occur, it is clear from a vast array of research that the psychological harm which results from SEXUAL ABUSE that any act of paedophilia is immoral.
