This is a small glossary about important psychology terms used.
analyse
noun
Examine methodically and in detail the constitution or structure of (something, especially information), typically for purposes of explanation and interpretation.
Example: This is useful during legal proceedings as Counsel may call for the specimen to be re-analysed by their own scientists. X-ray powder diffraction also saves time as there is no extensive sample preparation and therefore one can quickly analyse any unknowns.
fr: analyse
anorexia nervosa
noun
An eating disorder characterized by restriction of food intake leading to low body weight, typically accompanied by intense fear of gaining weight and disturbed perception of body weight and image.
Example: Coincidentally, at the same time that middle class women began demanding more rights and opportunities, 'the female nervous disorders of anorexia nervosa, hysteria, and neurasthenia became epidemic'.18 This emphasises the notion of patriarchal control over the subordinate members of society, namely women, through the legitimacy of professional medicalisation.
fr: anorexie nerveuse
anxiety
noun
Anxiety is an emotion characterized by feelings of tension, worried thoughts, and physical changes.
Example: Psychological Factors Psychological vulnerabilities divide into three further categories: mental disorders; those induced to a mentally abnormal state by severe anxiety, phobic reaction to the confinement or drug withdrawal; and thirdly, those prone to give unreliable accounts due to personality characteristics of compliance, suggestibility and inability to handle pressure.
fr: anxiété
behavior
noun
The way in which an animal or person acts in response to a particular situation or stimulus.
Example: Reading through reports on performances of the company, or brand results and comparing the figures also helps to understand customers and their behavior.
fr: comportement
behaviorism
noun
The theory that human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning, without appeal to thoughts or feelings, and that some mental conditions are best treated by altering behavior patterns.
Example: The Journal of Philosophy, 88(10), 505-519 Graham, George, "Behaviorism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2005 Edition), Edward N.
fr: behaviorisme
bipolar disorder
noun
A mental illness that causes unusual shifts in a person's mood, energy, activity levels, and concentration.
Example: The causes of bipolar disorder aren’t completely understood, but it often appears to be hereditary.
fr: trouble bipolaire
dependence
noun
The state of relying on or being controlled by someone or something else.
Example: This dependence on the environment may have led to defined territories.
fr: dépendance
depression
noun
A common mental disorder.
Example: Aeneas is a good, strong leader, as is the case for Greek heroes, but also suffers from moments of self-doubt and depression.
fr: dépression
dissociative disorder
noun
Mental health conditions that involve experiencing a loss of connection between thoughts, memories, feelings, surroundings, behavior and identity.
Example: Dissociative identity disorder is associated with overwhelming experiences, traumatic events and/or abuse that occurred in childhood.
fr: trouble dissociatif
emotion
noun
A natural instinctive state of mind deriving from one's circumstances, mood, or relationships with others.
Example: They may also benefit from family therapy sessions which teach family members how to recognise and reduce expressed emotion, and therefore the risk of another relapse.
fr: émotion
hypermnesia
noun
Abnormally vivid or complete memory or recall of the past.
Example: Evaluating hypnotic memory enhancement (hypermnesia and reminiscence) using multitrial forced recall.
fr: hypermnésie
illness
noun
A disease or period of sickness affecting the body or mind.
Example: This type of information is very important to archaeologists as they can then learn a lot about the conditions in which people lived and the effect disease and illness had on them.
fr: maladie
mania
noun
Mental illness marked by periods of great excitement or euphoria, delusions, and overactivity.
Example: However, 's low mood and reduced activity levels were not characteristic of patient with mania.
fr: manie
neuropsychology
noun
The study of the relationship between behavior, emotion, and cognition on the one hand, and brain function on the other.
Example: The neuropsychology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in Woods, R T. (1999).
fr: neuropsychologie
phobia
noun
An extreme or irrational fear of or aversion to something.
Example: Systematic desensitization is a common method used to treat a patient with a phobia.
fr: phobie
placebo
noun
A harmless pill, medicine, or procedure prescribed more for the psychological benefit to the patient than for any physiological effect.
Example: The review found that chlorpromazine caused more adverse effects, such as sedation, acute dystonia, and parkinsonism than a placebo.
fr: placebo
psychiatrist
noun
A medical practitioner specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness.
Example: These roots stemmed from Bowlby's early interest in psychoanalysis during his career as a psychiatrist.
fr: psychiatre
psychology
noun
The scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context.
Example: There are numerous ways in which sociology and psychology aid health and social care professionals to understand the experience of health and its effects.
fr: psychologie
schizophrenia
noun
A serious mental condition of a type involving a breakdown in the relation between thought, emotion, and behavior, leading to faulty perception, inappropriate actions and feelings, withdrawal from reality and personal relationships into fantasy and delusion, and a sense of mental fragmentation.
Example: There has been links made between children who were unpopular at school and a later development of schizophrenia.
fr: schizophrénie
stress
verb
A state of worry or mental tension caused by a difficult situation.
Example: Effects of Training on Stress-Related Behaviour of the Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus ) in Relation to Coping With Routine Husbandry Procedures.