I am studying to become a lawyer and I wrote this glossary to help me remember translations of courtroom and professional terms. My profession requires me to think and answer fast and to learn technical words so this glossary should really be helpful. The words definitions are from Wikipedia
clerk
noun
An officer of the court whose responsibilities include maintaining records of a court. Another duty is to administer oaths to witnesses, jurors, and grand jurors.
Example: The clerk is reading the statements.
en: greffier
courtroom
noun
An enclosed space in which courts of law are held in front of a judge.
Example: The man was brought to the courtroom.
en: tribunal
criminal
noun, adjective
Someone or something related to the commission of a crime.
Example: The criminal is escaping.
en: criminel
damages
noun
Damages are a remedy in the form of a monetary award to be paid to a claimant as compensation for loss or injury
Example: The judge forced him to pay damages.
en: dommages
defendant
noun
A person accused of committing a crime in criminal prosecution or a person against whom some type of civil relief is being sought in a civil case
Example: The defendant appeared in court today
en: défendant
felony
noun
A felony is traditionally considered a crime of high seriousness, whereas a misdemeanor is regarded as less serious
Example: He commited a felony.
en: crime
guilt
noun
Guilt is the state of being responsible for the commission of an offense.
Example: We will determine their level of guilt.
en: culpabilité
judge
noun
A person who presides over court proceedings.
Example: The judge is deliberating.
en: juge
jury
noun
A sworn body of people (the jurors) convened to render an impartial verdict
Example: The jury is deliberating.
en: jury
lawsuit
noun
A proceeding by a party or parties against another in the civil court of law
Example: The lawsuit will be hard for both parties.
en: procès
lawyer
noun
A person who practices law, as an advocate, attorney at law, barrister, barrister-at-law, bar-at-law, canonist, canon lawyer, civil law notary, counsel, counselor, counsellor, solicitor, legal executive, or public servant preparing, interpreting and applying law, but not as a paralegal or charter executive secretary.
Example: The lawyer is talking.
en: avocat
liable
adjective
Liable means "responsible or answerable in law; legally obligated.
Example: The man is liable for his actions.
en: responsable
misdemeanor
noun
Any "lesser" criminal act in some common law legal systems.
Example: This is only a misdemeanor.
en: délit
objection
adverb
A motion during a trial to disallow a witness's testimony or other evidence.
Example: The lawyer intervened with an objection.
en: objection
plaintiff
noun
The party who initiates a lawsuit (also known as an action) before a court.
Example: The plaintiff is arriving in court.
en: demandeur, plaignant
plea
noun
An answer to a claim made by someone in a criminal case under common law using the adversarial system.
Example: The man is reciting his plea.
en: plaidoyer
psychiatrist
noun
A physician who specializes in psychiatry, the branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, study, and treatment of mental disorders.
Example: The psychiatrist is arriving in court.
en: psychiatre
sentence
noun
The punishment a judge gives to a defendant found guilty of a crime.
Example: The judge gave him his sentence.
en: sentence, peine
testimony
noun
A solemn attestation as to the truth of a matter.
Example: He finished his testimony.
en: témoignage
verdict
noun
The formal finding of fact made by a jury on matters or questions submitted to the jury by a judge.