ISP

15 Neurodegenerative diseases terms

Lexic from papers about neurodegenerative diseases

Burst

Noun

A sudden increase in something, especially for a short period Oxidative burst - the rapid release of the reactive oxygen species, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide from different cell types. [1]

Example: The oxidative burst is tightly controlled in order to prevent host tissue damage. [1]

fr: Взрыв

Dampened

participle II

was made less strong (f.e. reaction)

Example: However, ROS-production was slightly dampened in CD33 −/− macrophages with PTPN6 knockdown. [1]

fr: Ослабленный/затухающий

Detrimental

Adjective

causing harm or damage

Example: Neuroinflammation is now considered as a double-edged sword that executes both detrimental and beneficial effects on the neurons. [4]

fr: Вредный

Filamentous

Adjective

Having the form of threads or filaments.

Example: In further support of there being less-efficient compaction of Aβ into plaques by SYK-deficient microglia, we observed that Aβ aggregates in 5xFAD SykΔMG mice were more filamentous (increased 6E10 antibody labeling that detects filamentous Aβ; Lee et al., 2018) and less compact (decreased staining of Thioflavin S [ThioS] that detects inert plaques; Lee et al., 2018) than the Aβ deposits found in 5xFAD littermate controls. [6]

fr: Нитевидный

Lifespan

Noun

The length of time for which a person, animal, or thing exists.

Example: This resulted in the death of young animals several days after the first signs of pathology, which resembles the clinical pattern of typical ALS if an average mouse lifespan is extrapolated to the human one. [5]

fr: Срок жизни

Littermate

One member of a given litter of animal offspring.

Example: In addition to higher amounts of Aβ load, we observed that Aβ plaques in the cortex and hippocampus of 5xFAD SykΔMG mice exhibited lower sphericity than the plaques found in 5xFAD littermate controls. [6]

fr: Однопометчик

Pivotal

Adjective

Central and important.

Example: TMP21 is a key molecule for protein trafficking in cells. Growing evidence indicates that TMP21 is dysregulated in AD, which plays a pivotal role in neuritic plaque formation. [7]

fr: Ключевой

Plaque

Noun

Flat growth-form. In context of neurodegenerative diseases: protein deposited outside cells (in the brain)

Example: Thus, CD33 as well as PTPN6/SHP1 may be potential pharmacological targets for inducing a productive immune response to clear off Aβ plaques in AD. [1]

fr: Бляшка

Shedding

Noun

the process of losing a coverin or of dropping something in a natural way or by accident. Here: loss of part of the protein

Example: We show that shedding of the TREM2 N-terminal domain does not affect the inhibition of NFkB activation induced by TREM2 while it completely blocks phagocytosis suggesting that TREM2 anti-inflammatory properties can be mediated by the TREM2 C-terminal fragment while the phagocytic activity requires the full-length receptor. [2]

fr: Отщепление

Susceptible

Adjective

Easily influenced or harmed by something.

Example: In conclusion, our studies produced the first direct in vivo evidence that aggregation of FUS protein can per se trigger FUSopathy with severe damage to susceptible neurons. [5]

fr: Восприимчивый

Tangle

Noun

An untidy mass of things that are not in a state of order.

Example: The diagnosis is based on the microscopic identification of hallmark AD pathology in the brain, most notably the deposition of amyloid-beta (Ab) peptides into plaques, the accumulation ofhyperphosphorylated tau (pTau) protein into neurofibrillary tangles and neurodegeneration. [3]

fr: Клубок

To decipher

Verb

To discover the meaning of something hard to understand or which contains a hidden message

Example: The M1/M2 paradigm is a simplified model to decipher the two polars of the inflammatory responses, which resembles the “Ying and Yang” principles in the nature. [4]

fr: Разгадать

To overwhelm

Verb

To defeat someone or something by using a lot of force. In given context: to prevent something from growing, developing or continuing

Example: In spinal cord injury, an M1 macrophage response is rapidly induced and then maintained at sites of traumatic injury, and this action overwhelms a comparatively smaller and transient M2 macrophage response, which promotes a regenerative growth in adult sensory axons. [4]

fr: Подавлять

Ubiquitously

Adverb

In a way that seems to be everywhere.

Example: TMP21 is ubiquitously expressed in different tissues in mammalians. [7]

fr: Повсеместно

Weaning

Noun

The act or process of causing a baby or young animal to stop feeding on its mother's milk and to start eating other food.

Example: As controls, Cre-negative Sykfl/fl 5xFAD littermates (hereafter referred to as 5xFAD mice) were similarly fed tamoxifen for 2 weeks at weaning and then returned to normal chow for the remainder of the experiment. [6]

fr: Отлучение от груди