Reading diary
15 Words, expressions and terms from articles terms
I am trying my best to make this glossary right.
- abundance
- noun
- a very large quantity of something.
- Example: Correcting the estimate of protein-synthesis rates for this effect substantially improved the corre- lation with protein abundance (R2 = 0.60 versus R2 = 0.42) (fig. S13).[2]
- en: избыток
- compromise
- verb
- to give up something that you want in order to reach an agreement
- Example: We then compared starvation and log-phase growth measurements for the 3769 genes for which statistical counting error did not compromise our ability to detect translational regulation.
- en: компромисс
- enrichment
- noun
- 1. the action of improving or enhancing the quality or value of something.
"enrichment of the soil for more plant growth"
2. the process of making someone wealthy or wealthier.
"the policy was denounced as a means of enrichment of a small elite"
- Example: As summarized in the experimental workflow designed for these experiments (Figure 2), we tested four extraction methods followed by three enrichment methods in order to improve the enrichment of the lower molecular weight proteins were also implemented and compared.
- en: обогащение
- footprinting
- noun
- Footprinting is an ethical hacking technique used to gather as much data as possible about a specific targeted computer system, an infrastructure and networks to identify opportunities to penetrate them. It is one of the best methods of finding vulnerabilities.
- Example: Moreover, the use of translation inhibitors as well as differences in sample preparation and downstream analyses can introduce biases in ribosome footprinting assays that might not accurately reflect the translational state in an unperturbed cell.[1]
- en: следы
- fractionation
- noun
- Fractionation is a separation process in which a certain quantity of a mixture (of gasses, solids, liquids, enzymes, or isotopes, or a suspension) is divided during a phase transition, into a number of smaller quantities (fractions) in which the composition varies according to a gradient.
- Example: Because of their small size which confers them peptide-like physicochemical properties, they are more difficult to detect using standard proteomics strategies.
- en: фракционирование
- interaction
- noun
- particular way in which matter, fields, and atomic and subatomic particles affect one another, e.g. through gravitation or electromagnetism.
- Example: By modifying protein-protein interactions, short proteins are also able to alter protein localization and recruitment, as has been proposed for the Drosophila Polar granule component (Pgc). [1]
- en: взаимодействие
- noncanonical
- adj
- not included within a canon or group of rules.
- Example: Instead, there is a more general change in the stringency of initiation codon selection that favors certain noncanonical start sites but has broader effects as well.[2]
- en: неканоничный
- physicochemical
- adjective
- relating to physics and chemistry or to physical chemistry.
- en: физико-химический
- post-transcriptional
- adj
- the control of gene expression at the RNA level
- Example: For the sake of simplicity, we have divided this review into 2 main parts, namely roles of sORFs as 1) hidden sources of func- tional short proteins, and as 2) widespread regulatory elements conferring post-transcriptional control of gene expression.
- en: посттранскрипционный
- precipitation
- noun
- 1. CHEMISTRY
the action or process of precipitating a substance from a solution.
2. rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to or condenses on the ground.
"these convective processes produce cloud and precipitation"
- Example: The highest number of identified AltProts was achieved with RIPA buffer or boiling water extraction followed by acetic acid precipitation.
- en: атмосферные осадки
- presumably
- adverb
- used to convey that what is asserted is very likely though not known for certain.
- Example: This presumably reflects differences in the func- tional states of the ribosome that affect its rate of elongation or processivity.
- en: предположительно
- prominent
- adj
- projecting from something; protuberant.
- Example: Based on these 2 noticeable examples, small pro- teins can indeed play prominent roles as subunits of well-stud- ied large protein complexes.[1]
- en: видный
- recruitment
- noun
- the action of enlisting new people in the armed forces or the increase in a natural population as progeny grow and new members arrive
- Example: Initially thought to function as a non-coding RNA,57 the germ-cell expressed pgc transcript was subsequently shown to encode a 71 aa long protein that inhibits the phosphorylation of serine 2 residues in the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II by preventing the recruitment of the kinase P-TEFb (positive transcription elongation factor b) to transcription sites.
- en: вербовка
- repressor
- noun
- a protein that inhibits the expression of one or more genes
- Example: Pri-induced bind- ing of Ubr3 to Svb leads to ubiquitination of Svb, which is then N-terminally truncated by the proteasome resulting in a switch in Svb’s activity from a transcriptional repressor to a transcriptional activator.
- en: репрессор
- runoff
- noun
- 1. a further competition, election, race, etc., after a tie or inconclusive result.
"he won only 49 per cent of the vote, so a run-off will be held"
2. the draining away of water (or substances carried in it) from the surface of an area of land, a building or structure, etc.
- Example: Furthermore, when elongation was not in- hibited, ribosome footprints were depleted from
5′UTRs just as they were from the beginning of protein-coding genes, indicating that they were active ribosomes capable of runoff elongation (fig. S19).
- en: сток