My glossary(5)

5 null terms

fourth-corner problem

noun

The fourth-corner problem can be thought of as a three table problem, which takes matrices of environmental data (R), species abundance or presence/absence data (L) and species trait data (Q), and uses these three tables to infer how species traits relate to the environment (D)

Example: The MOGP can also be motivated by the ‘fourth-corner problem’, the question of how species traits and the environment interact to produce observe species distributions (Brown et al., 2014).

ru: задача четвертого угла?

Multi-output Gaussian processes

noun

MOGPs model each species' response to the environment as a weighted sum of a small number of nonlinear functions, each modelled by a Gaussian process.

Example: We apply multi-output Gaussian processes (MOGPs) to the problem of species distribution modelling.

ru: Многовариационные итоги гауссовских процессов ?

Multi-species distribution models

phrase

distribution modelling for multiple species together

Example: Multi-species distribution models attempt to ‘borrow strength’ by inferring similarities in the functions f(x) mapping environmental covariates to the probability of presence for each species.

ru: многовидовое моделирование распределения

phylogeographic

adjective

Phylogeography is the study of the historical processes that may be responsible for the past to present geographic distributions of genealogical lineages.

Example: Species distribution models (SDMs) use environmental covariates to predict the presence or absence of species at a geographical location (Elith & Leathwick, 2009). They are used for a variety of applications, such as the management of threatened species, predicting the impacts of climate change, and to understand phylogeographic patterns, among many others

ru: филогеографический

response curves

phrase

a curve graphically exhibiting the magnitude of the response of a target variable to a varying range of independent variable

Example: These issues have motivated the use of generalised additive models (GAMs) in ecology, first introduced in Yee and Mitchell (1991), which assume only that response curves are smooth, rather than a particular parametric form.

ru: кривая отклика