Example: This is with regard to the interaction between the formed carbon and iron particles which is apparently less structure sensitive in
comparison to CNTs grown on other catalysts. B. Verma, H. Sewani, and C. Balomajumder, “Synthesis of carbon nanotubes via chemical vapor deposition: An advanced application in the management of electroplating effluent,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 14007–14018, 2020.
ru: по всей видимости
ascribe
verb
regard something as being due to (a cause).
Example: Increment in adsorptionwith the dosage may be ascribed to the increase in the surface area resulting in more available binding sites.
B. Verma, H. Sewani, and C. Balomajumder, “Synthesis of carbon nanotubes via chemical vapor deposition: An advanced application in the management of electroplating effluent,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 14007–14018, 2020.
ru: приписывать
assurance
noun
a positive declaration intended to give confidence; a promise.
Example: Quality assurance.
B. Verma, H. Sewani, and C. Balomajumder, “Synthesis of carbon nanotubes via chemical vapor deposition: An advanced application in the management of electroplating effluent,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 14007–14018, 2020.
ru: гарантия
attainment
noun
the action or fact of achieving a goal towards which one has worked.
Example: After the attainment of equilibrium, the sample solutions were filtered and collected for analysis.
B. Verma, H. Sewani, and C. Balomajumder, “Synthesis of carbon nanotubes via chemical vapor deposition: An advanced application in the management of electroplating effluent,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 14007–14018, 2020.
ru: достижение
attribute
verb
regard something as being caused by.
Example: This might be attributed to the gasification of CNTs at which its decomposition begins.
B. Verma, H. Sewani, and C. Balomajumder, “Synthesis of carbon nanotubes via chemical vapor deposition: An advanced application in the management of electroplating effluent,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 14007–14018, 2020.
batch
noun
a quantity or consignment of goods produced at one time.
Example: Batch adsorption experiments were executed in an incubator at a constant speed.
B. Verma, H. Sewani, and C. Balomajumder, “Synthesis of carbon nanotubes via chemical vapor deposition: An advanced application in the management of electroplating effluent,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 14007–14018, 2020.
ru: партия
breakage
noun
the action of breaking something, or the fact of being broken.
Example: The enhanced adsorption with temperature can also be due to the extra active sites generated because of the breakage of some
internal bonds with the temperature. B. Verma, H. Sewani, and C. Balomajumder, “Synthesis of carbon nanotubes via chemical vapor deposition: An advanced application in the management of electroplating effluent,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 14007–14018, 2020.
ru: поломка
claim
verb
state or assert that something is the case, typically without providing evidence or proof.
Example: A similar observation has been claimed by other authors.
B. Verma, H. Sewani, and C. Balomajumder, “Synthesis of carbon nanotubes via chemical vapor deposition: An advanced application in the management of electroplating effluent,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 14007–14018, 2020.
ru: утверждать
contaminated
adjective
having been made impure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance.
Example: Electroplating processes are one of the major sources of heavy metal contaminated wastewater.
B. Verma, H. Sewani, and C. Balomajumder, “Synthesis of carbon nanotubes via chemical vapor deposition: An advanced application in the management of electroplating effluent,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 14007–14018, 2020.
ru: загрязненный
corroborate
verb
confirm or give support to (a statement, theory, or finding).
Example: This can be corroborated from the fact that at a low pH, the thermodynamically stable form of chromium is Cr(III) instead of Cr(VI).
B. Verma, H. Sewani, and C. Balomajumder, “Synthesis of carbon nanotubes via chemical vapor deposition: An advanced application in the management of electroplating effluent,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 14007–14018, 2020.
ru: подтверждать
crucial
adjective
decisive or critical, especially in the success or failure of something.
Example: Thus, eliminating hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from wastewater becomes crucial for further use.
B. Verma, H. Sewani, and C. Balomajumder, “Synthesis of carbon nanotubes via chemical vapor deposition: An advanced application in the management of electroplating effluent,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 14007–14018, 2020.
represent by a drawing, painting, or other art form.
Example: Langmuir constants depict the saturated adsorption capacity of metal ions and free energy of adsorption.
B. Verma, H. Sewani, and C. Balomajumder, “Synthesis of carbon nanotubes via chemical vapor deposition: An advanced application in the management of electroplating effluent,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 14007–14018, 2020.
ru: изобразить
digestible
adjective
easy to understand or follow.
Example: In addition to the above, MgO is easily digestible in a mild acid environment and does not damage the CNTs.
B. Verma, H. Sewani, and C. Balomajumder, “Synthesis of carbon nanotubes via chemical vapor deposition: An advanced application in the management of electroplating effluent,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 14007–14018, 2020.
ru: усваиваемый
dimensionless
adjective
a quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned
Example: Dimensionless separation factor RL best describes the Langmuir isotherm and is given by the following equation.
B. Verma, H. Sewani, and C. Balomajumder, “Synthesis of carbon nanotubes via chemical vapor deposition: An advanced application in the management of electroplating effluent,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 14007–14018, 2020.
ru: безразмерный
dosage
noun
the size or frequency of a dose of a medicine or drug.
Example: Increment in adsorptionwith the dosage may be ascribed to the increase in the surface area resulting in more available binding sites.
B. Verma, H. Sewani, and C. Balomajumder, “Synthesis of carbon nanotubes via chemical vapor deposition: An advanced application in the management of electroplating effluent,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 14007–14018, 2020.
ru: дозировка
effluent
noun
liquid waste or sewage discharged into a river or the sea.
Example: The synthesized novel CNTs (5Fe-CNTs) were investigated for their adsorption capabilities for the removal of parts per million levels
of hexavalent chromium from electroplating effluent.
B. Verma, H. Sewani, and C. Balomajumder, “Synthesis of carbon nanotubes via chemical vapor deposition: An advanced application in the management of electroplating effluent,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 14007–14018, 2020.
ru: Поток, сточные воды
entangle
verb
cause to become twisted together with or caught in.
Example: CNTs have a large aspect ratio, which makes them easy to entangle and bundle with strong van der Waals interaction.
H. Cui, X. Yan, M. Monasterio, and F. Xing, “Effects of various surfactants on the dispersion of mwcnts–oh in aqueous solution,” Nanomaterials, vol. 7, no. 9, p. 262, 2017.
ru: запутывать
exfoliate
verb
be shed from a surface in scales or layers.
Example: Among these three methods, ultra-sonication is the most typical technique for dispersing CNTs in water, which exfoliates the CNTs by exposing them to cavitation. H. Cui, X. Yan, M. Monasterio, and F. Xing, “Effects of various surfactants on the dispersion of mwcnts–oh in aqueous solution,” Nanomaterials, vol. 7, no. 9, p. 262, 2017.
ru: отшелушивать
favorable
adjective
expressing approval
Example: If 0 < RL < 1, the sorption is favorable.
B. Verma, H. Sewani, and C. Balomajumder, “Synthesis of carbon nanotubes via chemical vapor deposition: An advanced application in the management of electroplating effluent,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 14007–14018, 2020.
ru: благоприятный
feasible
adjective
possible to do easily or conveniently.
Example: Some authors reported a sustainable functionalization method that is based on the principles of green chemistry, based on easily available chemicals, ideally biosourced and economically feasible.
C. Pennetta, G. Floresta, A. C. Graziano, V. Cardile, L. Rubino, M. Galimberti, A. Rescifina, and V. Barbera, “Functionalization of single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes with polypropylene glycol decorated pyrrole for the development of doxorubicin nano-conveyors for Cancer Drug Delivery,” Nanomaterials, vol. 10, no. 6, p. 1073, 2020.
ru: достижимый
govern
verb
conduct the policy, actions, and affairs of (a state, organization, or people) with authority.
Example: The ion-exchange mechanism can be a key mechanism governing this adsorptio process.
B. Verma, H. Sewani, and C. Balomajumder, “Synthesis of carbon nanotubes via chemical vapor deposition: An advanced application in the management of electroplating effluent,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 14007–14018, 2020.
ru: управлять
hollow
adjective
having a hole or empty space inside.
Example: Some work on CNTs can be traced back to the 1950s with the development of hollow graphitic carbon fibers in 1952.
B. Verma, H. Sewani, and C. Balomajumder, “Synthesis of carbon nanotubes via chemical vapor deposition: An advanced application in the management of electroplating effluent,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 14007–14018, 2020.
ru: пустой, полый
Impregnation
noun
Soak or saturate (something) with a substance.
Example: Iron catalyst supported over magnesium oxide had been synthesized with different percentages of Fe, i.e., 0.5, 1, and 5%
employing the method of impregnation.
B. Verma, H. Sewani, and C. Balomajumder, “Synthesis of carbon nanotubes via chemical vapor deposition: An advanced application in the management of electroplating effluent,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 14007–14018, 2020.
ru: Пропитка
infer
verb
deduce or conclude (something) from evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements.
Example: It can be inferred that the thermal stability of synthesized 5Fe-CNTs is quite high.
B. Verma, H. Sewani, and C. Balomajumder, “Synthesis of carbon nanotubes via chemical vapor deposition: An advanced application in the management of electroplating effluent,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 14007–14018, 2020.
ru: делать вывод
milling
designed to cut or shape metal using a rotating tool.
Example: Mechanical methods, like ultra-sonication, high shear mixing, and ball milling are usually used to shorten CNTs lengths by inputting high energy or direct mechanical contact. H. Cui, X. Yan, M. Monasterio, and F. Xing, “Effects of various surfactants on the dispersion of mwcnts–oh in aqueous solution,” Nanomaterials, vol. 7, no. 9, p. 262, 2017.
ru: фрезерование
moiety
noun
each of two parts into which a thing is or can be divided.
Example: CNTs are extremely hydrophobic, and due to the delocalization of pi–electrons, CNTs exhibit very significant conductivity, besides, the adsorption between CNTs and different chemical moieties are also enhanced.
H. Cui, X. Yan, M. Monasterio, and F. Xing, “Effects of various surfactants on the dispersion of mwcnts–oh in aqueous solution,” Nanomaterials, vol. 7, no. 9, p. 262, 2017.
ru: часть
nanofiller
noun
fillers with particle sizes in the 1–100 nm range.
Example: Within these materials, carbon black is one of the ten most important chemical products, and recently novel families of sp2 carbon allotropes have become of great interest: carbon nanotubes), both single (SWCNT) and multi-walled (MWCNT), graphene or graphitic
nanofillers made by few layers of graphene.
C. Pennetta, G. Floresta, A. C. Graziano, V. Cardile, L. Rubino, M. Galimberti, A. Rescifina, and V. Barbera, “Functionalization of single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes with polypropylene glycol decorated pyrrole for the development of doxorubicin nano-conveyors for Cancer Drug Delivery,” Nanomaterials, vol. 10, no. 6, p. 1073, 2020.
ru: нанонаполнитель
pave
verb
cover (a piece of ground) with flat stones or bricks; lay paving over.
Example: The discovery of fullerenes “stimulated the creativity and imagination of scientists and paved the way to whole new chemistry and physics of nanocarbons.”
C. Pennetta, G. Floresta, A. C. Graziano, V. Cardile, L. Rubino, M. Galimberti, A. Rescifina, and V. Barbera, “Functionalization of single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes with polypropylene glycol decorated pyrrole for the development of doxorubicin nano-conveyors for Cancer Drug Delivery,” Nanomaterials, vol. 10, no. 6, p. 1073, 2020.
ru: проложить
peculiar
adjective
different to what is normal or expected; strange.
Example: CNT have a peculiar combination of electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties.
C. Pennetta, G. Floresta, A. C. Graziano, V. Cardile, L. Rubino, M. Galimberti, A. Rescifina, and V. Barbera, “Functionalization of single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes with polypropylene glycol decorated pyrrole for the development of doxorubicin nano-conveyors for Cancer Drug Delivery,” Nanomaterials, vol. 10, no. 6, p. 1073, 2020.
ru: своеобразный
prominent
adjective
important; famous.
Example: Carbon nanotubes have been a prominent research fieldfor over two decades.
B. Verma, H. Sewani, and C. Balomajumder, “Synthesis of carbon nanotubes via chemical vapor deposition: An advanced application in the management of electroplating effluent,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 14007–14018, 2020.
ru: видный, известный
recyclability
noun
Recyclability and/or capability of being reusable at the end of its useful life to minimize waste, pollution, and resource use.
Example: Besides the synthesized CNTs exhibited good recyclability for adsorbing Cr(VI) as even after 3 adsorption cycles,
the adsorption capacity was reduced by less than 10%.
B. Verma, H. Sewani, and C. Balomajumder, “Synthesis of carbon nanotubes via chemical vapor deposition: An advanced application in the management of electroplating effluent,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 14007–14018, 2020.
ru: возможность вторичной переработки
repel
verb
drive or force (an attack or attacker) back or away.
Example: This was validated by the fact that at higher pH, the surface of the adsorbent becomes negatively charged which in turn repels the negatively charged dichromate ions.
B. Verma, H. Sewani, and C. Balomajumder, “Synthesis of carbon nanotubes via chemical vapor deposition: An advanced application in the management of electroplating effluent,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 14007–14018, 2020.
ru: отталкивать
reveal
verb
make (previously unknown or secret information) known to others.
Example: Biological studies revealed that two of the synthesized nano-vectors are effectively able to get the drug into the studied cell lines and also to enhance the cell mortality of DOX at a much lower effective dose.
C. Pennetta, G. Floresta, A. C. Graziano, V. Cardile, L. Rubino, M. Galimberti, A. Rescifina, and V. Barbera, “Functionalization of single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes with polypropylene glycol decorated pyrrole for the development of doxorubicin nano-conveyors for Cancer Drug Delivery,” Nanomaterials, vol. 10, no. 6, p. 1073, 2020.
ru: показывать
shear
noun
a strain produced by pressure in the structure of a substance, when its layers are laterally shifted in relation to each other.
Example: Mechanical methods, like ultra-sonication, high shear mixing, and ball milling are usually used to shorten CNTs lengths by inputting high energy or direct mechanical contact.
H. Cui, X. Yan, M. Monasterio, and F. Xing, “Effects of various surfactants on the dispersion of mwcnts–oh in aqueous solution,” Nanomaterials, vol. 7, no. 9, p. 262, 2017.
ru: сдвиг
threatening
adjective
having a hostile or deliberately frightening quality or manner.
Example: Attributable to its supreme toxicity, carcinogenicity, mobility, and mutagenicity, chromium is regarded as one of the most threatening heavy metals present in the world capable of posing great harm to ecological safety.
B. Verma, H. Sewani, and C. Balomajumder, “Synthesis of carbon nanotubes via chemical vapor deposition: An advanced application in the management of electroplating effluent,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 14007–14018, 2020.
