This is the glossary for the English Toolkit course to learn new vocabulary.
a scope
noun
the extent of the area or subject matter that something deals with or to which it is relevant.
Example: Such surface PhPs (SPhPs) are practically important as they can exist in numerous combinations of technology-ready polar substrates and coatings, that broadens the scope of their applications.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15767-y |
ru: объем, рамки, сфера, пределы, сфера действия
adhesion
noun
the action or process of adhering to a surface or object.
Example: Owing to its excellent adhesion, the germanium film forms a high-quality interface, which is as smooth as nearly atomically flat substrate.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15767-y
ru: Прилипание, сцепление, склеивание
attractive
adj.
having qualities or features which arouse interest
Example: Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have extraordinary optical and electronic properties that make them attractive for
numerous applications.
https://doi.org/10.1364/PRJ.6.000996
ru: привлекательный, притягательный
birefringence
noun
the optical property of a material having a refractive index that depends on the polarization and propagation direction of light
Example: However, due to the birefringence from the intracavity fiber, the NPR method is highly sensitive to the environmental state, which is the main barrier for the commercialization.
Guo H. et al. Tunable ytterbium-doped mode-locked fiber laser based on single-walled carbon nanotubes //Journal of Lightwave Technology. – 2019. – Т. 37. – №. 10. – С. 2370-2374.
ru: двойное лучепреломление
chiral
adj.
asymmetric in such a way that the structure and its mirror image are not superimposable
Example: In the lowfrequency region (400–600 cm−1), the Raman lines at 510 and 542 cm−1 are attributed to the A1g radial breaking mode
of the chiral (4,2) nanotube and the zigzag (5,0) nanotube, respectively [26–28].
https://doi.org/10.1364/PRJ.6.000996
ru: хиральный
compatibility
noun
the fact of being able to exist, live, or work successfully with something or someone else;
the ability of machines, especially computers, or computer programs to work successfully with other machines or programs;
Example: The use of SWCNTs is justified due to well-developed fabrication technique, easiest incorporation inside a laser scheme, compatibility with both linear and circular cavities, stable self-starting provision and so on.
https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.023911
ru: -совместимость
considerably
adverb
to a large, noticeable, or important degree;
Example: Based on the spectra in Fig. 5(a) the one can see that the laser continued generating DSs, although spectrum in the case of longer cavity was considerably narrowed.
https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.023911
ru: значительно
demand
noun
an insistent and peremptory request, made as of right; a strong request
Example: To satisfy the demands in super optics-resolution, spectroscopy and the optical communication, tunable ultrafast fiber lasers have been investigated.
Guo H. et al. Tunable ytterbium-doped mode-locked fiber laser based on single-walled carbon nanotubes //Journal of Lightwave Technology. – 2019. – Т. 37. – №. 10. – С. 2370-2374.
ru: 1. требование
2. спрос
Despite
preposition
without being affected by; in spite of
Example: Despite we used high-concentrated sample, the bismuth ions content in the core glass was well below 0.1 wt. % (detection limit of the electron probe microanalysis) and, consequently, had negligibly small influence on Δn value.
https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.023911
ru: Несмотря на
disorder
noun
lack of order
Example: The D bands in the central region (1000– 1500 cm−1) are characteristic of the disorder.
https://doi.org/10.1364/PRJ.6.000996
ru: беспорядок
essential
adjective
absolutely necessary; extremely important.
Example: This fact is essential for bismuth-doped fiber lasers since usual gain coefficient in these fibers is much lower than that in the rare-earth doped fibers.
https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.023911
ru: -существенный;
-необходимый;
-неотъемлемый;
excessive
adj.
more than is necessary, normal, or desirable; immoderate.
Example: Since additional length of the fiber brings excessive nonlinearity and usually decrease a stability of the lasing, we tried to shorten the length of the active fiber.
https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.023911
ru: излишний; чрезмерный
exfoliated
participle
(of a material) be shed from a surface in scales or layers.
Example: However, the growth of large-scale high-quality uniform films, capable of supporting intrinsic hyperbolic modes, is a significant challenge, which limits phononic applications of the two-dimension materials to exfoliated-flake-based microscale devices.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15767-y
ru: отслоившийся
insulator
noun
a substance which does not readily allow the passage of heat or sound, or optical device that allows light to pass in only one direction
Example: In recent years, a variety of saturable absorbers(SAs) (e.g. carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [1–12], Graphene [12–21], topological insulators (TI) [22–28], black phosphorus (BP) [29, 30], and transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) [31–52]) have been intensively investigated for ultrashort pulse generation. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.009063
ru: изолятор
intrinsic
adj.
belonging naturally; essential.
Example: The intrinsic merits of the fiber components (robustness, relative low cost, simply construction, ultrafast temporal resolution and broadband spectral bandwidth) enable the ultrafast fiber lasers to be an alternative to the solid-state mode-locked lasers [9-12].
Guo H. et al. Tunable ytterbium-doped mode-locked fiber laser based on single-walled carbon nanotubes //Journal of Lightwave Technology. – 2019. – Т. 37. – №. 10. – С. 2370-2374.
ru: 1. внутренний
2. присущий
miniaturization
noun
the trend to manufacture ever smaller mechanical, optical and electronic products and devices
Example: Plasmonics on metal-dielectric interfaces was widely seen as the main route for miniaturization of components and interconnect of photonic circuits. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15767-y
ru: миниатюризация
owing to
preposition
because of
Example: By contrast, SWCNTs SA is greatly promising mode-locker owing to its low manufacturing cost, mature fabrication procedure, short recovery time, high damage threshold and broad absorption bandwidth.
Guo H. et al. Tunable ytterbium-doped mode-locked fiber laser based on single-walled carbon nanotubes //Journal of Lightwave Technology. – 2019. – Т. 37. – №. 10. – С. 2370-2374.
ru: 1. потому что
2. из-за
3. благодаря (чему-то)
power load
noun
the part of the output of an electric power plant used for the operation of motors or heating devices
Example: Additional WDM extracted an unabsorbed pump power from the cavity to minimize power load on optical isolator (ISO).
https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.023911
ru: силовая нагрузка
pursuit
noun
the act of trying to achieve a plan, activity, or situation, usually over a long period of time
Example: The pursuit of ultrashort laser pulses at various wavelengths has long been in subject for scientists.https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.009063
ru: 1. преследование
2. стремление
readily
adverb
without hesitation or reluctance; willingly.
Example: Thus, the proposed setup with one PC and a polarization-independent isolator that was used in our fiber laser cavity may not be readily amenable to the mode-locked laser operation state based on an NPE mechanism.
https://doi.org/10.1364/PRJ.6.000996
ru: легко, с готовностью, охотно, без труда, быстро
rectangular
adj.
1.denoting or shaped like a rectangle.
2.placed or having parts placed at right angles.
Example: To achieve a higher accuracy of tracing the mode dynamics, we perform measurements for the case of the resonator supporting several maximums in the field distribution (1000 × 500 nm rectangular resonator shown previously in Fig. 2a).
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15767-y
ru: прямоугольный
rigorous
adj.
Extremely thorough and careful.
Example: Given the ideal Ge–SiC interface, highly confined SPhPs can be described using rigorous or simplified dispersion relations for
a three-layer system consisting of a negative-permittivity substrate, a positive-permittivity dielectric coating layer of a deep subwavelength thickness, and air.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15767-y
ru: тщательный, строгий, точный
specimen
noun
something shown or examined as an example; a typical example;
a small amount of something, such as urine or blood, taken for testing.
Example: In our case we could not use much more absorbing specimens since it would require substantial increase of active fiber length due to limited gain of Bi-doped fibers.
https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.023911
ru: -образец,
-экземпляр
substantial
adj.
of considerable importance, size, or worth.
Example: In our case we could not use much more absorbing specimens since it would require substantial increase of active fiber length due to limited gain of Bi-doped fibers.
https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.023911
ru: значительный; важный
to disrupt
verb
to prevent something, especially a system, process, or event, from continuing as usual or as expected; interrupt (an event, activity, or process) by causing a disturbance or problem;
Example: Meanwhile,changing nonlinearity disrupts the balance between the intracavitary nonlinear effect and the dispersion, which effects
laser performance ( changed pulse duration, shape of the spectrum, soliton type , etc.) at different central wavelengths.
Guo H. et al. Tunable ytterbium-doped mode-locked fiber laser based on single-walled carbon nanotubes //Journal of Lightwave Technology. – 2019. – Т. 37. – №. 10. – С. 2370-2374.
ru: 1. прерывать
2. разрывать
3. срывать
to embed
verb
fix (an object) firmly and deeply in a surrounding mass.
Example: Generally, carbon nanotubes are embedded in polymer matrices to form SWCNT-polymer SAs, leading to the random orientation of the carbon nanotubes.
https://doi.org/10.1364/PRJ.6.000996
ru: вставлять; встраивать; внедрять
to evaporate
verb
turn from liquid into vapour
Example: The diameter of the SWCNTs was 1.5 nm and the thickness of the composite absorber was about 10 μm. SWCNT/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film was prepared in polystyrene cell by the vertical evaporate method. / скорее всего в написании "the vertical evaporate method" авторы ошиблись, должно быть существительное "evaporation"/ https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.009063
ru: 1. испаряться
2. испарять
to lag behind
verb
to achieve less than someone or something else
Example: Thus far, fiber lasers continue to lag significantly behind the solid-state lasers in pulse duration. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.009063
ru: отставать
to maintain
verb
cause or enable (a condition or situation) to continue
Example: Then, the PC was adjusted to maintain a minimum output power.
https://doi.org/10.1364/PRJ.6.000996
ru: 1. поддерживать
2. сохранять
to restrict
verb
put a limit on; keep under control.
Example: At the moment, the possibility to further minimization of the cavity length is restricted by limited gain in phosphosilicate bismuth-doped fibers.
https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.023911
ru: ограничивать; держать в определенных пределах
to seal
verb
fasten or close securely
Example: Finally, the solution was sealed in a Teflon-lined stainless-steel autoclave and heated to 175°C for 24 h. https://doi.org/10.1364/PRJ.6.000996
to reach a decision or an agreement about something, or to end a disagreement;
to arrange something;
Example: However, both approaches are accompanied with a number of complexities that should be settled.
https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.023911
ru: -урегулировать
-решать, разрешать
to stir
verb
move a spoon or other implement round in (a liquid or other substance) in order to mix it thoroughly.
Example: Then, orthophosphoric acid, which was used as a source of phosphorus, was added to the solution and stirred for 3 h.
https://doi.org/10.1364/PRJ.6.000996
ru: перемешивать
ultra-confined
adj
(of a space) restricted in area or volume; cramped.
Example: However recently, ultra-confined surface phonon-polaritonics in high-index chalcogenide films of nanometric thickness has emerged as an important alternative to plasmonics. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15767-y
ru: ультра-замкнутый
urgently
adverb
in a way which requires immediate action or attention.
Example: Therefore, fiber lasers with different laser operation states in a fixed laser
cavity are urgently needed.
https://doi.org/10.1364/PRJ.6.000996
