Business

32 Economics and Finances terms

This is to practice terms of Economics and Finances in order to memorize them for the future (terms from Bled Anglais + some which came up during the lectures)

(free) market economy
noun
en: l'économie de marché
A budget
noun
4 finance: a. a statement of the financial position of an administration (as of a nation) for a definite period of time based on estimates of expenditures during the period and proposals for financing them b. a plan for the coordination of resources and expenditures develop a budget for her company c. the amount of money that is available for, required for, or assigned to a particular purpose
Example: a weekly budget for a family of five
en: Un budget
A cut (back)=a reduction
noun
a reduction, esp. one made to save money
Example: Cutbacks in public spending are expected in the next budget
en: Une réduction
A subsidy
noun
a grant or gift of money, such as: 1. a sum of money formerly granted by the British Parliament to the crown and raised by special taxation 2. money granted by one state to another 3. a grant by a government to a private person or company to assist an enterprise deemed advantageous to the public
Example: The city is increasing subsidies for public transit.
en: Une subvention
An economic policy
noun
The set of government rules and regulations to control or stimulate the aggregate indicators of an economy frames the macroeconomic policy. Aggregate indicators involve national income, money supply, inflation, unemployment rate, growth rate, interest rate and many more. In short, policies framed to meet the macro goals. (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/macroeconomic-policy)
Example: The State intervened against the inflation by introducing some economic policies
en: une politique économique
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Anti-recession
intended to prevent or reduce the harmful effects of an economic recession (= a period when the economy of a country is not successful)
Example: He admits that taxes will rise in future years to pay for the current anti-recession package.
en: Antirécession
Balance of payments
noun
the difference between the money that a country receives from exports and the money that it spends on imports
Example: We have experienced seven consecutive years of balance of payments surplus.
en: Balance des paiements
Capitalist, capitalistic
noun, adjective
capitalist: 1. noun --> a person who uses their wealth to invest in trade and industry for profit in accordance with the principles of capitalism. 2.adjective --> supporting or based on the principles of capitalism. capitalistic: supporting or based on the principles of capitalism.
Example: a completely capitalistic system
en: Capitaliste
Deflation
noun
the action of making something smaller by removing the air from inside it; the fact of becoming smaller in this way
Example: The rate of deflation of the balloon depends on the kind of material from which it is made.
en: Déflation
Deregulation
noun
the act or process of removing restrictions and regulations
Example: The chancellor of the Exchequer, Kwasi Kwarteng, shares Ms. Truss’s faith in free markets, desire to cut taxes and approach to deregulation. — New York Times, 7 Sep. 2022
en: La déréglementation
Economic sectors
noun
Part of the economic activity of a country. Traditionally, it was divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors
Example: This economy is dominated by agriculture, one economic sector
en: Les secteurs économiques
Economic self-sufficiency, autarchy/autarky
noun
1. Something that is done without the intervention of autority 2. A State without a leader lives in a state of autarchy
Example: Whith the death of the King, the kingdom suffered from a period of autarchy and wars
en: Autarchie
Free enterprise
noun
an economic system in which private business operates in competition and largely free of state control.
Example: "While access to this promise has been granted slowly and unevenly, at its best, our nation has been a beacon of democracy and free enterprise." — Pete Stavros, Fortune, 11 Aug. 2022
en: La libre entreprise
Globalization
noun
the act or process of globalizing : the state of being globalized //especially : the development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets
Example: "Support for globalization and international trade has waned in recent years." — Christopher Decker, The Conversation, 1 Aug. 2022
en: La mondialization
Go-go
used to describe a financial period or business in which there is especially fast and active development
Example: an era of go-go economic growth
Government spending = public spending
noun
money spent by the public sector on the acquisition of goods and provision of services such as education, healthcare, social protection, and defense
Example: This new technology that can be used during war times was financed by public spending
en: Les dépenses publiques
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Macroeconomics
noun
the study of financial systems at a national level
Example: Political advisers may already be wisely urging the White House not to address such a consequential personal decision with appeals to macroeconomics.
en: Macroéconomie
Nationalization
noun
1. to give a national character to 2. to invest control or ownership of in the national government 3. term that is the opposite of privatization (fr. la privatisation)
Example: The government nationalized the health-care system in the mid-1950s.
en: La nationalisation
Planned economy
noun
an economic system in which industry is controlled by the government and the government makes all decisions about what to do with the money made
Example: The planned economy was thought to solve the economic crises of the State
en: l'économie planifiée
Planning
noun
Arrangement for doing or using sth, considered in advance
Example: State's planning was to increase the profit for small industries
en: la planification
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Raw materials
noun
the basic material from which a product is made
Example: these could be used as raw material
en: Les matières premières
Supply and demand
noun
the amount of goods and services that are available for people to buy compared to the amount of goods and services that people want to buy
Example: If less of a product than the public wants is produced, the law of supply and demand says that more can be charged for the product
en: L'offre et la demande
The consumer society
noun
A society which is made by consumers of products
Example: Thanks to Ford's invention, the society become more a consumer one
en: La société de consommation
The economy
noun
1. a country's or a household's income (e.g. from what it sells or earns) and the way this is spent 2. being economical 3. a saving- "you need to make economies"
Example: This country has an economy wich lacks the support of the State
en: l'économie (d'un pays)
The market
noun
1a: 1. a meeting together of people for the purpose of trade by private purchase and sale and usually not by auction 2. the people assembled at such a meeting 1b: 1. a public place where a market is held especially : a place where provisions are sold at wholesale a farmers' market 2. a retail establishment usually of a specified kind a fish market 2 archaic : the act or an instance of buying and selling 3 : the rate or price offered for a commodity or security 4a: 1. a geographic area of demand for commodities or services sell in the southern market 2. a specified category of potential buyers the youth market 4b : the course of commercial activity by which the exchange of commodities is effected : extent of demand the market is dull 4c: 1. an opportunity for selling a good market for used cars 2. the available supply of or potential demand for specified goods or services the labor market 4d : the area of economic activity in which buyers and sellers come together and the forces of supply and demand affect prices producing goods for market rather than for consumption
Example: I stopped at the market on the way home for some juice.
en: Le marché
To boost=to stimulate=to reflate
verb
1. help or encourage (something) to increase or improve 2. push from below
Example: a range of measures were put in place to boost tourism
en: doper, relancer
To curb = to stem = to check
verb
1. to restrain/to keep in check 2. lead (a dog being walked) near the curb to urinate or defecate, in order to avoid soiling buildings, pavements, etc --> US
Example: she promised she would curb her temper
en: Juguler=freiner=enrayer
To cut (back/down)=to reduce
verb
To reduce something
Example: The company was facing hardships, therefore it had to cut back on staff
en: réduire
To lower
verb
to let or bring someone or something down, or make something less high (opposition with "to raise", fr. augmenter qqch)
Example: She lowered the blinds to block out the afternoon sun.
en: Baisser
To nationalize
verb
1. transfer (a major branch of industry or commerce) from private to state ownership or control (opposite of "to privatize, fr. privatiser") 2. give a national character to
Example: the Bank of England was nationalized in the winter of 1946–7
en: Nationaliser
To scale back/down
verb
to reduce something in size, amount, or production
Example: Sid will have to scale back his plans
en: Réviser à la baisse
To subsidize
verb
support (an organization or activity) financially
Example: the government subsidizes basic goods including sugar, petroleum, and wheat
en: Subventionner