20 Synthesis of materials through laser writing terms
(ablation) plume
noun noun
a jey of vaporised material that rapidly propagates away from the impact of a laser pulse
Example: Once these ejected vapor plumes cooled down and began to shrink, a quantity of nanoparticles would deposit in the surroundings.
Dai, Y., He, M., Bian, H. et al. Femtosecond laser nanostructuring of silver film. Appl. Phys. A 106, 567–574 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-011-6705-5
en: шлейф при абляции
Dendrite (metal)
noun
noun (noun)
Example: A dendrite in metallurgy is a characteristic tree-like structure of crystals growing as molten metal solidifies, the shape produced by faster growth along energetically favourable crystallographic directions. This dendritic growth has large consequences in regard to material properties.
Sun F. Z. et al. "Effect of laser scanning speed on the thermal-mechanical coupling field of laser remelting of valve seat," Optik., 2021, vol. 225, pp. 165776.
en: дендрит
ductile
adjective
A ductile metal can be bent or stretched easily
Example: To avoid thermo-mechanical damage on a thin molybdenum film, the so-called brittle to
ductile transition (BDT) plays a primary role...
en: пластичный
Dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT)
adjective noun-noun noun
Dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) is a method to determine the electronic structure of strongly correlated materials. In such materials, the approximation of independent electrons, which is used in density functional theory and usual band structure calculations, breaks down. Dynamical mean-field theory, a non-perturbative treatment of local interactions between electrons, bridges the gap between the nearly free electron gas limit and the atomic limit of condensed-matter physics.
Example: The infinite-dimensional approach is sometimes called the dynamic mean-field theory and treats the dynamic fluctuation correctly when spatial fluctuations can be ignored.
Imada, Masatoshi, Atsushi Fujimori, and Yoshinori Tokura. "Metal-insulator transitions." Reviews of modern physics 70.4 (1998): 1039.
en: теория динамического среднего поля
Excimer laser
noun noun
An excimer laser typically uses a combination of a noble gas (argon, krypton, or xenon) and a reactive gas (fluorine or chlorine). Under the appropriate conditions of electrical stimulation and high pressure, a pseudo-molecule called an excimer is created, which can only exist in an energized state and can give rise to laser light in the ultraviolet range.
Example: The particular behavior of the BDT on thin metallic layers during laser irradiation was first discussed for laser removal of thin chromium films by Lee et al. and Siegel et al. using an excimer laser.
Scorticati, D., Römer, G. W. R., & de Lange, D. F. (2012). Ultra-short-pulsed laser-machined nanogratings of laser-induced periodic surface structures on thin molybdenum layers. Journal of nanophotonics, 6(1), 063528.
en: эксимерный лазер
Herringbone (pattern)
noun
The herringbone pattern is a geometric tessellation consisting of rectangles. The short sides of each rectangle meet the longer side of a perpendicular rectangle. The longer sides of each rectangle are touched by a shorter side of a perpendicular rectangle and by an adjacent parallel rectangle. The shift is equal to the shorter side of the rectangle.
Example: The Au(111) substrate serves to disperse the MoS2 nanoparticles by its herringbone reconstruction and is not particularly active for the HER (20).
Jaramillo, Thomas F., et al. "Identification of active edge sites for electrochemical H2 evolution from MoS2 nanocatalysts." science 317.5834 (2007): 100-102.
en: узор елочкой
heuristic
adjective
A heuristic, or heuristic technique, is any approach to problem solving or self-discovery that employs a practical method that is not guaranteed to be optimal, perfect, or rational, but is nevertheless sufficient for reaching an immediate, short-term goal or approximation.
Example: From this heuristic argument, one can see at least two distinct routes to the Mott insulator when one approaches the MIT point from the metallic side, namely, the mass-diverging type and carrier-number-vanishing type.
Imada, Masatoshi, Atsushi Fujimori, and Yoshinori Tokura. "Metal-insulator transitions." Reviews of modern physics 70.4 (1998): 1039.
en: эвристический
Hubbard model
noun noun
The Hubbard model, named after John Hubbard, is a simple model of interacting particles in a lattice, with only two terms in the Hamiltonian (see example below): a kinetic term allowing for tunneling ("hopping") of particles between sites of the lattice and a potential term consisting of an on-site interaction.
Example: The two important parameters in the Hubbard model are the electron correlation strength U/t and the band filling n.
Imada, Masatoshi, Atsushi Fujimori, and Yoshinori Tokura. "Metal-insulator transitions." Reviews of modern physics 70.4 (1998): 1039.
en: Модель Хаббарда
Hydrodesulfurization (HDS)
noun
Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is a catalytic chemical process widely used to remove sulfur (S) from natural gas and from refined petroleum products,
Example: Hydrodesulfurization of sulfur-containing petroleum fractions has long been one of the major catalytic operations in the petroleum industry.
Grange, Paul. "Catalytic hydrodesulfurization." Catalysis Reviews—Science and Engineering 21.1 (1980): 135-181.
en: гидрообессеривание
Marangoni convection
noun noun
The Marangoni effect (also called the Gibbs–Marangoni effect) is the mass transfer along an interface between two fluids due to a gradient of the surface tension.
Example: As described in recent work by Zhang et al., the formation of LIPSS and spikes induced by ps-laser on single crystals is mainly dominated by Marangoni convection and capillary wave propagation mechanisms.
Thi Trang Dai Huynh, Agnès Petit, Nadjib Semmar,
Picosecond laser induced periodic surface structure on copper thin films,
Applied Surface Science,
Volume 302,
2014,
Pages 109-113,
ISSN 0169-4332,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.10.172.
en: Эффект Марангони
Metal-insulator transition
noun-noun noun
The change from insulative behavior to conductivity caused by a change in control parameters. Is observed in Mott insulators such as transition metal oxides.
Example: Metal-insulator transitions are accompanied by huge resistivity changes, even over tens of orders of
magnitude, and are widely observed in condensed-matter systems.
Imada, Masatoshi, Atsushi Fujimori, and Yoshinori Tokura. "Metal-insulator transitions." Reviews of modern physics 70.4 (1998): 1039.
en: Переход металл-диэлектрик
Mott insulator
noun noun
Mott insulators are a class of materials that are expected to conduct electricity according to conventional band theories, but turn out to be insulators (particularly at low temperatures).
Example: In theoretical approaches, Mott (1949, 1956, 1961, 1990) took the first important step towards understanding how electron-electron correlations could explain the insulating state, and we call this state the Mott insulator.
Imada, Masatoshi, Atsushi Fujimori, and Yoshinori Tokura. "Metal-insulator transitions." Reviews of modern physics 70.4 (1998): 1039.
en: Изолятор Мотта
nanoparticulate
adjective
Nanoparticulate means composed of nanoparticles.
Example: Nanoparticulate MoS2, however, is a more promising system; density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the edges of MoS2 nanoparticles are active for hydrogen evolution (8), but no previous experiments have shown this conclusively.
Jaramillo, Thomas F., et al. "Identification of active edge sites for electrochemical H2 evolution from MoS2 nanocatalysts." science 317.5834 (2007): 100-102.
en: состоящий из наночастиц
Partition
noun
A boundary or the event of dividing something whole into separate parts.
Example: During fast cooling of SLM, the material undergoes significant non-equilibrium solidification, solute elements enrich outside the solidification interface due to interface partition, and they do not diffuse back into the solid and are rejected into liquid.
Sun F. Z. et al. "Effect of laser scanning speed on the thermal-mechanical coupling field of laser remelting of valve seat," Optik., 2021, vol. 225, pp. 165776.
en: разделение, разделитель
Phase field method
noun noun noun
A phase-field model is a mathematical model for solving interfacial problems. It has mainly been applied to solidification dynamics, but it has also been applied to other situations such as viscous fingering, fracture mechanics, hydrogen embrittlement, and vesicle dynamics.
The method substitutes boundary conditions at the interface by a partial differential equation for the evolution of an auxiliary field (the phase field) that takes the role of an order parameter. This phase field takes two distinct values (for instance +1 and −1) in each of the phases, with a smooth change between both values in the zone around the interface, which is then diffuse with a finite width. A discrete location of the interface may be defined as the collection of all points where the phase field takes a certain value (e.g., 0).
Example: Meso-scale finite element method (FEM) is used to calculate the temperature field, and micro-scale phase field (PF) method is used to calculate the dendrite evolution and solute redistribution.
Sun F. Z. et al. "Effect of laser scanning speed on the thermal-mechanical coupling field of laser remelting of valve seat," Optik., 2021, vol. 225, pp. 165776.
en: Метод фазовых полей?
Plateau-Rayleigh instability
noun-noun noun
Plateau-Rayleigh instability is the instability of a falling stream of a liquid that causes it to break into droplets.
Example: For the results shown in Fig. 2(d–f) the LIPSS formation dynamics can be attributed to Plateau–Rayleigh instability.
Thi Trang Dai Huynh, Agnès Petit, Nadjib Semmar, Picosecond laser induced periodic surface structure on copper thin films, Applied Surface Science, Volume 302, 2014, Pages 109-113, ISSN 0169-4332, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.10.172.
en: Неустойчивость Рэлея-Плато
Sabatier principle
noun noun
The Sabatier principle is a qualitative concept in chemical heterogeneous catalysis named after the French chemist Paul Sabatier. It states that the interactions between the catalyst and the substrate should be "just right"; that is, neither too strong nor too weak. If the interaction is too weak, the molecule will fail to bind to the catalyst and no reaction will take place. On the other hand, if the interaction is too strong, the product fails to dissociate.
Example: These volcano relations ultimately reflect the Sabatier principle, which accounts for optimal surfaces as ones that exhibit moderate binding energies of reaction intermediates, hydrogen adsorption in the case of the HER.
Jaramillo, Thomas F., et al. "Identification of active edge sites for electrochemical H2 evolution from MoS2 nanocatalysts." science 317.5834 (2007): 100-102.
en: принцип Сабатье
Segregation ratio
noun noun
Segregation ratio is an important indicator of material uniformity. It is defined as the ratio of solute element concentration in the interdendritic region to that at centers of dendrite arms.
Example: The average segregation ratio decreases with the increase of laser scan speed.
Sun F. Z. et al. "Effect of laser scanning speed on the thermal-mechanical coupling field of laser remelting of valve seat," Optik., 2021, vol. 225, pp. 165776.
Solute
noun or adjective
Species dissolved in a solution
Example: In equilibrium solidification process, where the cooling rate is extremely slow, the solute elements being push outside the solidification line have enough time to diffuse back into the solid, so that micro-segregation does not occur.
Sun F. Z. et al. "Effect of laser scanning speed on the thermal-mechanical coupling field of laser remelting of valve seat," Optik., 2021, vol. 225, pp. 165776.
en: Растворенное вещество
Thio- chemicals
prefix noun
The prefix thio-, when applied to a chemical, such as an ion, means that an oxygen atom in the compound has been replaced by a sulfur atom. This term is often used in organic chemistry.
Example: This result is supported by adsorption studies of thiophene using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).
Jaramillo, Thomas F., et al. "Identification of active edge sites for electrochemical H2 evolution from MoS2 nanocatalysts." science 317.5834 (2007): 100-102.
