This glossary contains the words people can use to have better vocabulary in the psychology's study filed. There's always the words definitions, their french translation, and they're an exemple for each word in a sentence. You can also click on the audio to hear the pronunciation.
analyse/analyze
noun
To study or examine something in detail in order to understand or explain it.
Example: Students learn how to observe, plan, organise and ANALYSE situations so that problems can be solved.
en: analyse/analyser
anxiety
noun
An intense emotion response caused by the preconscious recognition that a repressed conflict is about to emerge into consciousness.
Example: A few moments later her hands were trembling and her brow had contracted with ANXIETY and dismay.
en: anxiété
attitude
noun
An enduring, learned predisposition to behave in a consistent way toward a given class of objects, events, or people.
Example: If a product only triggered off neutral feelings, then consumer's ATTITUDE and then behaviour would not be likely to change, but here an element of surprise is involved.
en: attitude
behavior
noun
The way in which one acts or conducts oneself towards others.
Example: Observations on the evolution of the genitalia and copulatory-BEHAVIOR in male primates.
en: comportement
bipolar disorder
noun
A mental illness that brings severe high and low moods and changes in sleep, energy, thinking, and behavior.
Example: My friend as been diagnosed with bipolar disorder for three years.
en: trouble bipolaire
causality
noun
Causality, or causation, is the relation between an event and a second event where the second even is understood as a consequence of the first.
Example: Moreover, the CAUSALITY between job performance and job satisfaction might not be the interests for management in practice; however, in order to win in the increasing competition, effective manager can provide both productivity and satisfaction for the organizations.
en: causalité
centration
noun
The tendancy to focus on only one aspect of situation problem or object.
Example: Piaget's pre-operational and concrete operational stages, which encompass the development of children in primary school, propose that the child becomes better at CENTRATION as they progress from the former stage to the latter - they are able to focus on an aspect of the situation to the exclusion of all others (Slater, Hocking and Loose, 2003).
en: centrage
cerebral dominance
noun
The normal tendency for one half of a brain, usually the left cerebral hemisphere in right-handed people, to exercise more control over certain functions than others.
Example: Endocasts have shown researchers however that modern humans and Neanderthals do share at least one majorly important trait, they both have CEREBRAL DOMINANCE which basically means that the left and right hand sides of the brain perform distinct, separate and unique function (Stringer and Gamble 1993: 83) .
en: domination cérébrale
child development
noun
Child development refers to the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human being between birth and the rest of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy.
Example: Many parents and developmental psychologists have completely disagreed with this position and instead have come to believe that the parent and child bond or attachment is a vital part of CHILD DEVELOPMENT which influences the later life of the child, and is a deeper connection then Freud's idea of a surface fulfilment of basic requirements.
en: développement de l'enfant
cognition
noun
The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought experience, and the senses.
Example: These arguments challenge Smith's analysis of normative reasons; in particular, it seems to ignore a fundamental level of human COGNITION.
en: cognition
mental illness
noun
A mental anomaly that causes either suffering or an impaired ability to function in ordinary life, and which is not developmentally or socially normative.
Example: Researchers selected 'regular gambler' but did not exclude other MENTAL ILLNESS, especially emotion disease.
en: maladie mentale
paranoia
noun
A mental condition characterized by delusions of persecution, unwarranted jealousy, or exaggerated self-importance, typically elaborated into into an organized system.
Example: A person's race may result in them being persecuted by the homogenous group in society and this could be a cause of PARANOIA and distress.
en: paranoïa
psychologist
noun
A specialist in psychology.
Example: These interventions will usually be carried out by a PSYCHOLOGIST (Abraham & Llewellyn-Jones, 2001; Gilbert, 2000). As Michelle's care co-ordinator, the OT will ensure she is referred to the PSYCHOLOGIST in the Community Mental Health Team, to cover this aspect of her care.
en: psychologue
punishment
noun
The infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution for offense.
Example: She and not the rapist is the one who must bear the injury, the guilt, society's blame, and the PUNISHMENT.".
en: punition
reinforcement
noun
Anything that increases the likelihood that a response will occur.
Example: It is most probable we share the majority, if not all of our emotional array, in the sense of qualia, with our closest mammalian relatives in the functional sense of basic behavioural REINFORCEMENT, for behaviours common in all of us.
en: renforcement
self-esteem
noun
The capacity for introspection and the ability to recognize oneself as an individual separate from the environment and the other individuals.
Example: Transformational leaders develop, inspire and challenge followers 'not by pushing them in the right direction as control mechanisms do but by satisfying basic human needs for achievement, a sense of belonging, recognition, SELF-ESTEEM, a feeling of control over one's life, and the ability to live up to one's ideals' (Kotter, 1990: 107).
en: estime de soi/amour propre
social identity
noun
The portion of an individual's self-concept derived from perceived membership in a relevant social group.
Example: The SOCIAL IDENTITY theory, proposed by Tajfel and Turner (1979) is a theory of group membership and intergroup relations defined by self categorisation, social comparison, and self concept in terms of identification with a specific group, (Hogg & Vaughan, 2002).
en: identité sociale
stereotype
noun
Believing that people of a certain group, race or religion all have the same characteristics when they don't.
Example: There is more sympathy to rape cases that conform to the classic STEREOTYPE of rape and for victims who conform to restrictive gender roles and norms.
en: stéréotype
stress
noun
A state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or very demanding circumstances.
Example: Small, sterile environments lead to psychological STRESS among nonhuman primates (Dickie, 1998).
en: stress
therapy
noun
The treatment of disease or disorders, as by some remedial, rehabilitative, or curative process.
Example: They include engagement and outcome-orientated assessment; family assessment of the patient's needs and psychological management of psychosis using Cognitive Behavioural THERAPY (CBT), coping strategy enhancement, self- monitoring approaches and training in problem-solving.
