15 An organic–inorganic hybrid semiconductor
for flexible thin film transistors using molecular
layer deposition. terms
My name is Muneeb Farooq, and I am pursuing a master's at skoltech. This glossary would help the readers of the paper - An organic-inorganic hybrid semiconductor for flexible thin-film transistors using molecular layer deposition to read it swiftly without looking for definitions and meanings of words so often.
alloying
verb
alloying is an admixture of metals, or a metal combined with one or more other elements.
For example, combining the metallic elements gold and copper produces red gold, gold and silver
becomes white gold, and silver combined with copper produces sterling silver. Combining iron with nonmetallic carbon or silicon produces alloys called steel or silicon steel
Example: The case of nitride compounds obtained by alloying InN, GaN and AlN is particularly interesting.
Amorphous
adjective
In condensed matter physics and materials science, an amorphous or non-crystalline solid
is a solid that lacks the long-range order, which is a characteristic of a crystal. In some older articles and
books, the term was used synonymously with glass.
Example: While pure ALD indium oxide has weak crystallinity on the BCC plane, pure MLD indicone is amorphous.
bifurcation
noun
Bifurcation theory is the mathematical study of changes in the qualitative or
the topological structure of a given family of curves, such as the integral curves of a family of vector
fields, and the solutions of a family of differential equations.
Example: We demonstrate that the broad-area semiconductor laser characteristics can be dramatically changed by a small variation of the cavity shape. This is because the Fabry-Perot cavity with planar mirrors is located at a bifurcation point between stable and unstable ray dynamics.
coherence
noun
coherence, a fixed relationship between the phase of waves in a beam of radiation
of a single frequency. Two beams of light are coherent when the phase difference between
their waves is constant; they are noncoherent if there is a random or changing phase
relationship.
Example: When we slightly curve the two end facets to form a near-planar stable cavity with
concave mirrors, the number of transverse lasing modes drastically increases compared to that
in the planar Fabry-Perot cavity, resulting in a sharp drop of the spatial coherence of the emission.
electron affinity
adjective
The electron affinity of an atom or molecule is defined as the amount of energy released
when an electron is attached to a neutral atom or molecule in the gaseous state to form a anion.
Example: we report on the study of electron transport in p-doped InGaN/GaN heterostructures by
near-band-gap photoemission spectroscopy. This technique relies on the activation of the p-type
semiconductor surface to effective negative electron affinity (NEA) usually by deposition of a cesium
monolayer.
epiwafer
noun
An epi wafer is a wafer of semiconducting material made by epitaxial growth
(epitaxy) for use in photonics, microelectronics, spintronics, or photovoltaics. The epi layer may
be the same material as the substrate, typically monocrystalline silicon, or it may be a
more exotic material with specific desirable qualities.
Example: We fabricate near-planar laser cavities on a GaAs quantum well epi wafer. The cavity
the structure is defined by dry etching.
Fabry-Perot cavity
noun
In optics, a Fabry–Pérot interferometer (FPI) or etalon is an optical cavity made
from two parallel reflecting surfaces. Optical waves can pass through the optical cavity only
when they are in resonance with it. It is named after Charles Fabry and Alfred Perot, who
developed the instrument in 1899.
Example: In this work, we experimentally demonstrate that a tiny modification of the FabryPerot cavity has a profound impact on the broad-area edge-emitting semiconductor laser
performance.
mobility
noun
the ability to move or be moved freely and easily
Example: "this exercise helps retain mobility in the damaged joints"
phonon
noun
A phonon is a collective excitation in a periodic, elastic arrangement of atoms or molecules
in condensed matter, specifically in solids and some liquids. Often referred to as a quasiparticle, it is an
excited state in the quantum mechanical quantization of the modes of vibrations for elastic structures of
interacting particles. Phonons can be thought of as quantized sound waves.
Example: : If low energy electronic states are localized in the fluctuating potential landscape, the
transport of low energy carriers should not follow a drift-diffusion process but
should occur via phonon-assisted hopping either between localized states or from localized states to
higher energy delocalized states.
resonance
noun
Resonance describes the phenomenon of increased amplitude that occurs when the
frequency of a periodically applied force (or a Fourier component of it) is equal or close to a
natural frequency of the system on which it acts.
Example: Thanks to the principle of ray-wave correspondence, the ray dynamics allows to
predict many properties of the actual cavity resonances, such as their
spatial structures and output patterns.
sputtering
verb
In physics, sputtering is a phenomenon in which microscopic particles of a solid material
are ejected from its surface, after the material is itself bombarded by energetic particles of a plasma or
gas. It occurs naturally in outer space, and can be an unwelcome source of wear in precision
components.
Example: After eliminating contamination on the surface by sputtering. The chemical composition of
indium oxide and hybrid films was measured by utilizing an XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy)
instrument.
Threshold voltage
noun
The threshold voltage, commonly abbreviate as field-effect transistor (FET) is the
minimum gate-to-source voltage that is needed to create a conducting path between the source and
drain terminals. It is an important scaling factor to maintain power efficiency. When referring to a
junction field-effect transistor (JFET), the threshold voltage is often called pinch-off voltage.
Example: The electrical performances in the TFTs, which include subthreshold swing (SS), threshold
voltage and reliability, are inferior to those of inorganic materials.
wavefunction
noun
Mathematical description of the quantum state of a system; complex-valued probability
amplitude and the probabilities for the possible results of measurements made on the system can be
derived from it.
Example: The electron-hole Coulomb interaction, at the origin of the excitonic structures observed in
absorption measurements seems to be an important ingredient to lead to localized electron
wavefunctions.
work function
noun
Difference of the energy of an electron at rest at infinity and the Fermi energy.
Example: With this procedure, the work function was typically reduced to ∼1.6 eV which corresponds
to an effective NEA of about -1.8 eV on GaN (-1.6 Ev and -1.2 eV on the InGaN samples).
X-ray diffraction
noun
X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) is a method used in materials science to determine the
material’s crystallographic structure. XRD operates by measuring the X-rays’ intensities and scattering
angles that leave the material. The primary use of X-ray diffraction analysis is the identification of
materials based on their diffraction pattern. The x-ray diffraction method in phase identification also
gives information on how the ideal structure differs from the exact one, owing to internal defects and
stresses.
Example: The crystallinity of indium oxide and hybrid films was measured by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction.