Example: The self-assembled CS–PWA bilayers were confirmed by AFM, SEM, FTIR and UV-vis spectra.
en: АФМ
Anion-exchange groups
Noun
Ionic-exchange functuanal groups that selectivley transferring negativley charged ions.
Example: The New Selemion (type 2) membrane is fabricated from a backbone of polysulfone, and a chloromethylation/amination technique is employes to incorporate anion-exchange groups.
en: Анион-обменные группы
Anolyte
Noun
Negatively charged electrolyte.
Example: The VRFB single cell performance was characterized by using
1 M VOSO4/3 M H2SO4 solution as the anolyte and 1 M V3+/3 M
H2SO4 as the catholyte.
en: Анолит
Catholyte
Noun
Positively charged electrolyte.
Example: It functions as a separator of the cathode and anode compartments to prevent their crossover and allows the transport of protons to maintain the electrical balance during the charge–discharge process.
en: Католит
coulombic efficiency
Collacation
For secondary cells, the Coulomb efficiency represents the ratio of charge released during the discharge to the charge necessary for charging the battery
Example: Hence, a relatively high CE and EE can be achieved.
en: Фарадеевская эффективность
Current
Noun
a flow of electricity which results from the ordered directional movement of electrically charged particles.
Example: For higher currents, it slightly overestimates battery efficiency (by 7 %), that is mainly connected with the influence of spurious side
reactions that were not considered in the model.
en: Ток
Current density
Collacation
the amount of electric current flowing per unit cross-sectional area of a material
Example: In order to evaluate the stability of the self-assembled membrane under the working conditions of a VRFB, the single cell with the Nafion–[CS–PWA]3 or Nafion membrane was cycled at a current density of 60 mA cm2 and the result is presented in
Fig. 8.
en: Плотность тока
Diffusion
Noun
the intermingling of substances by the natural movement of their particles
Example: The crossover occurs due to diffusion of vanadium ions though the membrane from one half-cell to the opposite one.
en: Диффузия
Electrode
Noun
FTIR
Abbreviation
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
Example: The self-assembled CS–PWA bilayers were confirmed by AFM, SEM, FTIR and UV-vis spectra.
en: Фурье-спектроскопия
Ion
an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons
Example: The two half-cells are separated by the membrane to prevent mixing of positive and negative electrolytes (some
vanadium ions can also transfer across the membrane (crossover) leading to side reactions, which result in self-discharge of the battery
en: Ион
Ion exchange membrane
Noun
An ion-exchange separator is used to prevent the mixing of catholyte and anolyte allowing charge-carrying ions to transfer and block electrons conductivity.
Example: The ion exchange membrane (IEM) is one of the key materials in a VRFB system.
en: Мембрана
Overvoltage
Noun
A deviation from the equilibrium electrode potential due to the polarisation
Example: Linear behavior of the polarization curves (Fig. 2) at low currents indicates that activation overvortalges during discharge is low.
en: Перенапряжение
Peristatic pump
Collacation
A peristaltic pump, also commonly known as a roller pump, is a type of positive displacement pump used for pumping a variety of fluids.
en: Перистатический насос
Permeability
Noun
the state or quality of being permeable
Example: Compared with the conductivity, the vanadium ion permeability decreases sharply with the increasing number of bilayers
en: Проницаемость
Polarisation
Noun
The process when the potential deviates from the equilibrium one when the current is applied.
Example: Linear behavior of the polarization curves (Fig. 2) at low currents indicates that activation overvortalges during discharge is low.
en: Поляризация
Polysulfone
noun
Highly efficient thermoplast (PSU).
Example: The New Selemion (type 2) membrane is fabricated from a backbone of polysulfone, and a chloromethylation/amination technique is employes to incorporate anion-exchange groups.
en: Полисульфон
Proton conductivity
Collacation
Ионная проводимость
Example: With the increase in the number of self-assembled CS–PWA bilayers, proton conductivity of the membranes decreases gradually, probably due to the incorporated proton conducting PWA in the multilayer structure, as CS in the multilayer structure would not contribute to the conductivity
en: Transfer of electrical charge via charged ions
Selectivity
Noun
the property of affecting some things and not others
Example: Therefore, an ideal IEM that exhibits high proton conductivity and good stability, as well as outstanding ion selectivity is critically important for commercializing VRFBs.
en: Селективность
SEM
Abbreviature
scanning electron microscope
Example: The self-assembled CS–PWA bilayers were confirmed by AFM, SEM, FTIR and UV-vis spectra.
en: СЭМ
Side reaction
Collacation
A side reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs at the same time as the actual main reaction, but to a lesser extent. It leads to the formation of by-product, so that the yield of main product is reduced
Example: The two half-cells are separated by the membrane to prevent mixing of positive and negative electrolytes (some
vanadium ions can also transfer across the membrane (crossover) leading to side reactions, which result in selfdischarge of the battery).
en: Побочная реакция
Treatment
Noun
Affeceting an object with a special process.
Example: After treatment, a slight shift to smaller pore diameter size is evident.
en: Обработка
UV-vis
Abbreviation
Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy
Example: The self-assembled CS–PWA bilayers were confirmed by AFM, SEM, FTIR and UV-vis spectra.
en: Оптическая спектроскопия
Voltage efficiency
Idiom
A ratio between average voltage during charge and discharge processes, represents overpotential losses.
Example: ... membrane showed a low voltage efficiency of 83.4% (compare with 87.5% with untreated counterpart), ...
en: КПД по напряжению
VRFB
Abbreviation
Vanadium redox-flow battery
Example: Open circuit voltage (OCV) is an important parameter for the
self-discharge of a VRFB single cell.