Hello, my name is Marylou Boudreau and I’m a 22-year-old girl from Montreal.I have been studying Social Sciences at Ahuntsic College for two years. My glossary is for students in the same field of me. The glossary will help them to have quick access to important definitions related to the basics of psychology and maybe also this will be a tool for studying. It will have 20 terms with their definition, pronunciation, translation plus an example for each one. I find all the words in the PowerPoint of my Psychology course and the definitions on Google.
Behaviorism
Noun
be·hav·ior·ism
PSYCHOLOGY
behaviorism :
the theory that human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning, without appeal to thoughts or feelings, and that psychological disorders are best treated by altering behavior patterns.
treatment using the practical application of the theory of behaviorism.
Example: Radical behaviorism was found by B.F. Skinner.
en: Béhaviorisme
Cognition
Noun
The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.
Example: Tourette syndrome does not, in itself, negatively affect intelligence or cognition.
en: Cognition
Cohesion
Noun
Cohesion can be more specifically defined as the tendency for a group to be in unity while working towards a goal or to satisfy the emotional needs of its members. This definition includes important aspects of cohesiveness, including its multidimensionality, dynamic nature, instrumental basis, and emotional dimension.
Example: Cohesion of the two sides into one happy family was a lot harder than the new couple had hoped.
en: Cohésion
Lobotomy
Noun
A surgical operation involving incision into the prefrontal lobe of the brain, formerly used to treat mental illness.
Example: There was talk of performing a lobotomy.
en: Lobotomie
Nervous system
Noun
The network of nerve cells and fibers which transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body.
Example: The brain is a part of the nervous system of the human body.
en: Système nerveux
Neuropsychology
Noun
The study of the relationship between behavior, emotion, and cognition on the one hand, and brain function on the other.
Example: Therefore they will be helpful in single case studies in cognitive neuropsychology in which, typically, control sample are modest in size.
en: Neuropsychologie
Operant conditioning
It’s a method.
Operant conditioning, sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning, is a method of learning that employs rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence (whether negative or positive) for that behavior.
Example: In operant conditioning, the response should directly follow the stimulus.
en: Conditionnement opérent
Perception
Noun
The neurophysiological processes, including memory, by wich an organism becomes aware of and interprets external stimuli.
Example: This byproduct alters the autistic child's behavior, perceptions, and responses to environment.
en: Perception
Proximity
Noun
The principle of proximity is the tendency for people to form social relationships with individuals who are physically closer to them.
Example: Because of the proximity of Barbara and Chad in the classroom, they became friend rapidly.
en: Proximité
Psychoanalysis
Noun
A system of psychological theory and therapy which aims to treat mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind and bringing repressed fears and conflicts into the conscious mind by techniques such as dream interpretation and free association.
Example: PSYCHOANALYSIS is carried out by allowing the client to say whatever comes to mind and it is also a very long and drawn out procedure, often taking years.
en: Psychanalyse
Psychological disorder
Noun
The term psychological disorder is sometimes used to refer to what is more frequently known as mental disorders or psychiatric disorders. Mental disorders are patterns of behavioral or psychological symptoms that impact multiple areas of life. These disorders create distress for the person experiencing these symptoms.
Example: He was suffering from psychological disorder all his life.
en: Trouble psychologique
Psychologist
Noun
An expert or specialist in psychology.
Example: He passed himself off as a senior psychologist.
en: Psychologue
Psychopathology
Noun
the scientific study of mental disorders.
Example: Ageism, family discord and psychopathology all play their part in abuse.
en: psychopathologie
Psychotropic
Adjective
Relating to or denoting drugs that affect a person's mental state.
Example: He takes psychotropics, like Xanax, to control these emotions.
en: Psychotrope
Schizophrenia
Noun
A long-term mental disorder of a type involving a breakdown in the relation between thought, emotion, and behavior, leading to faulty perception, inappropriate actions and feelings, withdrawal from reality and personal relationships into fantasy and delusion, and a sense of mental fragmentation.
Example: Counsel for this man told the judge that he suffers from paranoid schizophrenia.
en: Schizophrénie
The conscious
Conscious it’s an adjective
In Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality, the conscious mind consists of everything inside of our awareness.
Example: Context use is ‘more under THE CONSCIOUS control of the reader... because of this, they make considerable demands upon Working Memory’ (Field, 2003:25).
en: Le conscient
The id
Noun
The part of the mind in which innate instinctive impulses and primary processes are manifest.
Example: The conflict between the drives of the id and the demands of the cultural superego.
en: L’identité
The subconscious
Noun
The subconscious part of the mind (not in technical use in psychoanalysis, where unconscious is preferred).
Example: Uncertainties were lurking around the edge of her subconscious.
en: Le subconscient
The unconscious
Noun
The part of the mind which is inaccessible to the conscious mind but which affects behavior and emotions.
Example: Horrific apparitions surfaced out of the recesses of his unconscious.
en: L'inconscient
Theory
Noun
A supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained.
Example: My theory would be that the place has been seriously mismanaged.
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