15 modulo de transferencia de calor & ingles terms
absorptivity
noun
the property of a body that determines the fraction of incident radiation absorbed or absorbable by the body.
Example: Since for real objects the absorptivity is less than unity, a real object can not absorb all incident light. The incomplete absorption can be due to some of the incident light being transmitted through the body or to some of it being reflected at the surface of the body.
es: absorción
atom
noun
smallest unit into which matter can be divided without the release of electrically charged particles. It also is the smallest unit of matter that has the characteristic properties of a chemical element. As such, the atom is the basic building block of chemistry.
Example: Actinium (Ac)
Fluorine (F)
Lead (Pb)
Aluminum (Al)
Phosphorus (P)
Plutonium (Pu)
Americium (Am)
Francio (Fr)
Polonium (Po)
es: átomo
closed system
adjective
A closed system is a type of thermodynamic system where mass is conserved within the boundaries of the system, but energy is allowed to freely enter or exit the system.
Example: A bottle of cold water exposed to room temperature. As the bottle is closed, the transfer of matter between the system and the environment is impossible: no liquid can enter or exit. However, it is possible to exchange energy: the water will gradually heat up.
es: sistema cerrado
Conduction
noun
It is a process of heat transmission based on direct contact between bodies, without matter exchange, because heat flows from a higher temperature body to a lower temperature body that is in contact with the first.
Example: The heat from a hot liquid makes the cup itself hot. If you grab a cup that has hot coffee, tea or broth in it, the cup itself will be hot and your hands will feel it.
es: Conducción
convection
noun
Convection is the process of heat transfer by the bulk movement of molecules within fluids such as gases and liquids. The initial heat transfer between the object and the fluid takes place through conduction, but the bulk heat transfer happens due to the motion of the fluid.
Example: Convection comes into play while boiling water. What happens is that the cold water at the bottom heats up from the energy from the burner, and rises up. As the hot water rises, the cold water rushes in to replace it, which results in motion in the circular fashion
es: convección
Heat Transfer
noun
any or all of several kinds of phenomena, considered as mechanisms, that convey energy and entropy from one location to another. The specific mechanisms are usually referred to as convection, thermal radiation, and conduction (see thermal conduction).
Example: This law states that energy can neither be created or destroyed, only transferred between systems. Inevitably, when energy is transferred between two systems some is lost to the surrounding environment. This lost energy occurs in the form of heat and can also be referred to as thermal energy. Thermal energy that is contained within a system is responsible for the temperature of the environment.
es: Transferencia de calor
inner surface
noun
is the inside of an object
es: superficie interior
internal energy
noun
is defined as the energy associated with the random, disordered motion of molecules. It is separated in scale from the macroscopic ordered energy associated with moving objects; it refers to the invisible microscopic energy
Example: Batteries: In the body of the charged batteries, there is using internal energy, thanks to the chemical reactions between acids and heavy metals inside. Said internal energy will be greater when its electric charge is complete and less when it has been consumed, although in the case of rechargeable batteries this energy may increase again by introducing electricity from the outlets.
es: energía interna
Kinetic energy
noun
Kinetic energy is a property of a moving object or particle and depends not only on its motion but also on its mass.
Example: A truck travelling down the road has more kinetic energy than a car travelling at the same speed because the truck’s mass is much more than the car’s.
es: Energía cinética
lumped systems
noun
in heat transfer is nothing but a basic type of transient heat conduction.
es: sistemas agrupados
open system
adjective
It is the one that exchanges energy and matter with the surroundings.
Example: A plant, which in the process of photosynthesis performs a notorious energy exchange.
es: sistema abierto
potential energy
noun
stored energy that depends upon the relative position of various parts of a system.
Example: A spring has more potential energy when it is compressed or stretched.
es: energía potencial
radiation
noun
Radiation is energy that comes from a source and travels through space at the speed of light. This energy has an electric field and a magnetic field associated with it, and has wave-like properties. You could also call radiation “electromagnetic waves”.
Example: While you might only think of radiation when you are getting an x-ray at the hospital, radiation is all around you. Radiation can be ionizing, which means it has the capacity to modify the ions of an atom, or non-ionizing, which means it does not possess that ability. See examples of both types of radiation to better understand this topic.
es: radiación
thermal energy
noun
refers to the energy contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature.
Example: Let's take a look at a simple example of thermal energy. A heated element on a stove contains thermal energy, and the more you turn up the stove, the more internal energy the stove contains. At the very basic level, this thermal energy is the movement of the molecules that make up the metal of the stove's element. I know you can't see the molecules moving, but they are. The faster the molecules, the more internal thermal energy they contain.
es: energía térmica
total energy
noun
The total energy at any section in a moving fluid consists of the sum of the internal static, velocity, and potential energies at that section
