This glossary will be, hopefully, useful for people who want to work in accounting.
Assets
Noun
Property owned by a person or company, regarded as having value and available to meet debts, commitments, or legacies.
Example: Furthermore, this will permit a better management of the firm's assets, possibly even enabling it to benefit from future investment opportunities, as they will have some constancy in their revenue figures, and to make long-run plans.
fr: Actif
Balance sheet
Noun
A balance sheet is a financial statement that reports a company's assets, liabilities and shareholders' equity at a specific point in time, and provides a basis for computing rates of return and evaluating its capital structure.
Example: However, it is used as more "reliable guide to the liquidity of a business than the current assets held at the balance sheet date".
fr: Bilan
Bank reconciliation
noun
A bank reconciliation statement is a summary of banking and business activity that reconciles an entity's bank account with its financial records.
Example: He wanted a programmer for a planned home bill payment and bank reconciliation program.
fr: Rapprochement bancaire
Bond
Noun
A bond is a fixed income instrument that represents a loan made by an investor to a borrower (typically corporate or governmental).
Example: An integrated capital market would also reduce the cost of equity, bond and bank finance and lead to a rise in Europe-wide GDP growth by 1.1 per cent.
fr: Titre négociable
Capital outlay
Noun
A capital outlay is money a company spends to either purchase a fixed asset or to extend its useful life. Fixed assets are those that appear on the balance sheet as property, plant and equipment, known as "PPE.".
Example: Within ten years this category of capital outlay had increased from 8,000,000 to 28,800,000.
fr: Mise de fonds
Creditor
Noun
A person or company to whom money is owed.
Example: The war had turned the UK into a major debtor rather than creditor, and the sale of assets during World War 1 greatly reduced the UK's international investments and therefore London's pre-eminence as a financial centre relative to New York and Paris.
fr: Créancier
Equity
Noun
The value of the shares issued by a company.
Example: The problem of dilution is because the Venture Capitalist Company will try to get the majority of the stock equity and also may try to get the majority of the company ownership if things go well.
fr: Capitaux propres
Financial viability
Noun
Financial viability is the ability to generate sufficient income to meet operating payments, debt commitments and, where applicable, to allow for growth, while maintaining service levels.
Example: Financial appraisal of the project is carried out and the financial viability of the project is assessed using tools, which include: Payback , NPV , IRR .
fr: Rentabilité
Goods
Noun
Goods are tangible things that are produced, bought or sold, then finally consumed.
Example: The economic model of supply and demand, developed by Antoine Augustin Cournot, 1883, attempts to describe, explain and predict changes in the price and quantity of goods sold in competitive markets.
fr: Biens
Gross profit margin
Noun
Gross margin is a company's net sales revenue minus its cost of goods sold (COGS).
Example: Regardless the decrease of turnover in Americas and only a slight growth in total hotel revenue, together with declined operating profit of the soft drink business, the increased managed and franchise hotel business of the Group gain benefits of reduction in cost of sales as a result of higher gross profit margin and a significant increase in total operating income with 17%.
fr: Marge bénéficiaire brute
Installment
Noun
A sum of money due as one of several equal payments for something, spread over an agreed period of time.
Example: The funded debt was then gradually reduced until the last installment was paid in 1903.
fr: Versement
Interest rate
Noun
The proportion of a loan that is charged as interest to the borrower, typically expressed as an annual percentage of the loan outstanding.
Example: The Treasury says: "If household's spending is significantly more sensitive to interest rate changes in the UK than in the euro as a whole, a common monetary policy could induce some relative instability in the UK housing market and household's spending'.
fr: Taux d'intérêt
Liabilities
Noun
A thing for which someone is responsible, especially a debt or financial obligation.
Example: Jolly SU has no loan history and therefore has no liabilities in the form of loan repayments.
fr: Passif
Liquid assets
Noun
A liquid asset is something you own that can quickly and simply be converted into cash while retaining its market value.
Example: Liquidity can be measured using the acid test ratio which gives the ratio of liquid assets (cash etc, but excluding stock cannot be easily turned to cash) to current liabilities (debts which can be called in within a year).
fr: Trésorerie
Mortgage
Noun
A legal agreement by which a bank or other creditor lends money at interest in exchange for taking title of the debtor's property, with the condition that the conveyance of title becomes void upon the payment of the debt.
Example: 'There's a higher level of mortgage debt and a greater reliance on variable rate mortgages that imply the sensitivity of household interest payments to changes in interest rates is higher in the UK than in any other EU country and considerably higher than in any other large EU economy '.
fr: Hypothèque
Recovery
Noun
The action of regaining or securing compensation or money lost or spent by means of a legal process or subsequent profits.
Example: This assignment will discuss the elements of the marketing environment relevant to the retail sector, along with steps that are being discussed to aid the recovery of the company.
fr: Recouvrement
Shareholder
Noun
An owner of shares in a company.
Example: It is a healthy and growing company based on the high return in shareholder's fund of 120%.
fr: Actionnaire
Stock Exchange
Noun
The level of prices in the stock market.
Example: Whittard has done surprisingly well through most of this period, increasing the value of its shares on the London stock exchange from 30p in 2001 up to over 200p in 2004.
fr: Bourse
Supplier
Noun
A person or organization that provides something needed such as a product or service.
Example: At a reduction of 30% off the current price, the price is reduced to £14.70 but the supplier is less reliable.
fr: Fournisseur
Withdrawal
Noun
An act of taking money out of an account.
Example: For example, the number of checks written per month, debit usage, ATM withdrawals, and other fee-based services are easy profit for a bank.
