It contains definitions and explanation of the different vocabularies mentioned in the three articles.
Autonomy
Noun
Freedom from external control or influence; independence.
Example: Adding a supercapacitor storage system to this simple network helps to extend the autonomy
of battery for the electric motorcycle [1].
en: Self-rule
Dissipation
adjective
Loss of energy through its conversion into heat.
Example: The simplest dissipative balancing method is the resistive method, based on a simple resistor connected parallel in the circuit [3].
en: moving out, going away
Fluctuations
noun
An irregular rising and falling in number or amount; a variation.
Example: In the given design, the main drawback is that the DC link has more fluctuations and this can affect motor drive
efficiency [1].
en: variations
Hybrid Energy Storage System
noun
A hybrid energy system, or hybrid power, usually consists of two or more renewable energy sources used together to provide increased system efficiency as well as greater balance in energy supply.
Example: The main applications of HESS include electric vehicles, portable electronics, stand-alone microgrids, and renewable energy [1].
en: Integration of two or more storage devices
Hysteresis band
noun
A hysteresis band is defined, and if the feedback signal is above that band, the plant is operated in one state; if it is below that band it is operated in the other stat.
Example: The switch is on when an overvoltage is detected in the corresponding SC and turns off
with a hysteresis band [3].
Inverter
noun
An apparatus that converts direct current into alternating current.
In digital electronics, a device that converts either of the two binary digits or signals into the other.
Example: Microgrids can increase the spread of renewable energy in the grid by using a dc/ac inverter that is attached to generators and
energy storage systems (ESS) [2].
en: Converter
Low pass filter
noun
A low-pass filter is a filter that passes signals with a frequency lower than a selected cutoff frequency and attenuates signals with frequencies higher than the cutoff frequency.
Example: Low pass filter to reduce the noise in the signal [2].
Mimicking
verb
Imitate (someone or their actions or words).
Example: The behavior of a semi-active hybrid energy system can be improved by mimicking the behavior of an inductor that forms a
second-order filter with the SCs [1].
en: Copy, replicate
Pulse width modulation
noun
It is a method of reducing the average power delivered by an electrical signal, by effectively chopping it up into discrete parts.
Example: In the proposed design, the HF signal and PWM pulses are combined [2]
en: Digital Signal
Rectifier
noun
A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current into direct current.
Example: In the proposed converter design, the first bridge can act as an active bridge (delivering energy) or as a rectifier [2].
en: Conversion from AC to DC
Resonant frequency
noun
Resonant frequency is the oscillation of a system at its natural or unforced resonance.
Example: The resonant frequency is five times the switching frequency in the case of bidirectional series resonant converter [2].
Self discharging current
noun
Self-discharge is a phenomenon in batteries in which internal chemical reactions reduce the stored charge of the battery without any connection between the electrodes or any external circuit.
Example: In the stochastic model of the supercapacitor, the self-discharge current is the main factor that causes voltage differences between cells [3].
Stochastic
adjective
Having a random probability distribution or pattern that may be analyzed statistically but may not be predicted precisely.
Example: Choosing a stochastic model makes it possible to analyze, for a generic case, which parameter has more influence on the voltage unbalance in a Supercapacitor branch in energy storage systems [3].
en: Uncertainty
Topology
noun
Network topology is the arrangement of the elements in a network.
Example: The hybrid energy storage system can be build using several topologies [1].
en: Arrangement
Virtual Inertia
adjective
Virtual inertia means that in case of frequency drop in the network, the wind turbine uses the energy stored in. the rotational mass of its turbine to produce an increased amount of electrical power to the grid.
Example: Supercapacitor based energy storage system can deliver high power at a fast rate, acting as virtual inertia [3].
