Astronauts command spacecraft and high-altitude vehicles that venture into space.
Usually astronauts have another job, so they don't work on the same place. But as astronauts they work at an agency or in space in the international space station or on a space craft for different mission. But they spend most of the time training on classrooms and simulation environment.
To become an astronaut, you have to follow a long journey. It is not easy to become an astronaut, and it depends on which agency you are applying the requirements varies. First you need to earn a bachelor's degree. The bachelor degree needs to be from a recognized university in a relevant subject such as engineering, physics, mathematics, biology, chemistry or computer sciences. It takes three to five years depending on the programme and you ability. However, it is best to be accomplished on at least two filed. Second you could pursue a master's degree or a doctorate. All you have to have is 3 years of experience in piloting. With all of that education there are physical and mental requirements too.
An astronaut salary changes according to their experience and the agency. It varies between $91,300 to $178,400.
Astronauts have a lot of additional training. Living in space is a great danger and very different from the one on earth even the basic tasks such is eating, sleeping, showering....are very difficult to do. They also have to participate in scenarios that simulate weightless heavy gravity and navigate call to get used to space environment unbroachable interstellar suit. They also need psychological training.
The sources do not talk about this. But I don't think they will. Instead, they will help them and decreases their work.
There is a non official age of retirement for astronauts. But they usually retire around 48 to 50.
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